Antibacterial activity and phytochemical evaluation of the leaf root and stem bark extracts of parinari curatellifolia (planch. ex benth)

  • Authors

    • Ugoh Chukwudi University of abuja,FCT abuja
    • Fatokun Ayodeji Sheda Science and Technology Complex,PMB 186 FCT
    • Jimba Amos University of abuja,FCT abuja
    • Olajide olawunmi Sheda Science and Technology Complex,PMB 186 FCT
    2014-10-19
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v2i2.3568

  • Abstract

    The different parts (leaf, root and stem bark) extracts of Parinari curatellifolia were studied to assess phytochemicals, antimicrobial activities and to confirm their traditional medicinal uses. Phytochemical screening of the crude extracts (leaf, root and stem bark) showed the presence of phenols, flavoniods, sterols, terpenoids, carbohydrates and saponnins. The crude extracts were screened for antimicrobial activity against three bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanol extract gave the highest zones of inhibition against the isolates used which revealed activities against S. aureus S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. The biologically active methanol extract was purified using flash column chromatography. The two fractions (ME1 and ME2) were obtained from the column. Fraction ME1 gave the highest zone of inhibition ranging from 24±0.6 mm to 28±0.0 mm against S. mutans. This is significantly (P?0.05) different from the crude methanol extract with the zone of inhibition ranging from 23±0.00 mm to 26±0.90 mm. The activities of crude extracts were lower compared to that of the separated fractions.

    Keywords: Use about five key words or phrases in alphabetical order, Separated by commas.

  • References

    1. Srivastav, D. Nathan, S. and Suresh, T. (2001). Antimicrobial activity of Certain Medical plants using in folkloric medicine. Journal Ethnophanacology 74: 217-222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741 (00)00345-7.
    2. Mark, H. and Bart, W. (2002). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: P. curatellifolia. www,Zimbabwe.co.Zw/species data/species
    3. Shale, T. L. WA, A., Stirk, J. Van. Steden, (1999). Screening of medicinal plants used in Lesotho for antibacterial and ant -inflammatory activity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67: 347- 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741 (99)00035-5.
    4. Qasem, J.R. and Abubakan, H.A. (1996). Fungicidal activity of some neem extracts against different plant pathogenic fungi. Journal of phytopathology, 44 (3): 157-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1996.tb01507.x.
    5. Kraft, c., Jenett-Siems, K., Jakupovic, J., Mavi, s., Bienzle, U and Elich, E. (2003). Invitro antiplasmodial. Evaluation of Medicinal Plants from Zimbabwe. Phytotherapy Resaerch 17 (2):123-128.
    6. Steve, O.O., Sunday, O.O., Emmanuel, N.A., Veronica, N.E and Olawale, O.P (2009). Evaluation of acute toxicity in mice and subchronic toxicity of hydroethanolic extract of P. Curatellifolia. Planch (Chrysobalanaceae) seeds in rats. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (9), 1800-1806.
    7. Peni, I.J., Elinge, C.M., Yusuf, H., Itodo, A.U, Agaie, B.M., and Mbongo, A.N. (2010). Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Parinari curatellifolia stem extract. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research.
    8. Edeoga, H., Okwu, D. and Mbaebi, B. (2005).Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. Africa Journal of Biotechnology, 4:685-688. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/AJB2005.000-3127.
    9. Harborne, J.B. (1998). Phytochemical method: A guide to modern Techniques of plant analysis. London: Chapman and Hall Publishers, Pp51-59.
    10. Evan, W.C, Trease G.E (1983). Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 12th edition, Balliere, London.pp14-25.
    11. Halilu, M.E., Yebpella, G.G., Hassan, L.G., and Achor, M. (2010). Preliminary phytochemical screening, antibacterial activity and elemental analysis of the leaves and the root bark of Parinari curatellifolia. Planch Ex Benth (Chrysobalanaceeae) Continental Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 4:1–5.
    12. Rodrigues, H.G., Diniz, Y.S., Faine, L.A., Galhardi, C. M., Burneiko,R.C., Almeida, J.A., Ribas, B.O. and novella, E.L.B. (2005). Antioxidant effect of saponins: potential action of a soybean flavonoid on glucose tolerance and risk factors for atherosclerosis. International Journal of food science nutrition, 56: 79-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09637480500081738.
    13. Bukar, A., Uba, A, and Oyeyi, T.I. (2010). Antimicrobial profile of Moringa oleifera Lam extracts against some food-borne microorganisms. Bayero journal of Pure Applied Science, 3(1):43–48.
    14. Sofowora (1993). Medicinal plants and Traditional medicine in Africa. John wiley & sons New York. Pp. 97-145
    15. Arokiyarraij, K., Perinbam, P., Agastian, R. and Mohan, K. (2009). Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activity of vitex agnus castus. International Journal of Green pharmacy, 34(3): 162-164.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Chukwudi, U., Ayodeji, F., Amos, J., & olawunmi, O. (2014). Antibacterial activity and phytochemical evaluation of the leaf root and stem bark extracts of parinari curatellifolia (planch. ex benth). International Journal of Advanced Chemistry, 2(2), 178-181. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijac.v2i2.3568

    Received date: 2014-09-08

    Accepted date: 2014-09-28

    Published date: 2014-10-19