Dietary knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding prevention of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

  • Authors

    • Ashwaq Ayidh Alosaimi Nurse Director, General of Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    • Sabreen Abdullah Alamri Nurse Specialist, Maternity and Children Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arania
    • Manal Mohammed Abduljawad Assistant Professor, Maternity and Gynecologic Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
    • Sahar Mohammed Yakout Assistant Professor, Maternity and Gynecologic Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
    • Salma Abdelatty Moawed Professor, Maternity and Gynecologic Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
    2020-07-01
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v9i1.30456
  • Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Iron Deficiency Anemia, Pregnant Women.

  • Abstract

    Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is recognized as the world’s most widespread nutritional disorder, affecting 1.6 billion people that constitute about 25% of the global population, and it is one of the most common diseases complicating antenatal women worldwide, particularly in the developing countries. There have been few research studies on IDA in pregnancy in Arab countries including Saudi Arabia.

    Objectives: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) on IDA among pregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

    Methods: A correlational study was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 314 pregnant women in Al Yammamah Hospital. Socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics, knowledge, attitude, and practice toward IDA during pregnancy questionnaire were determined and were analyzed for association. The KAP questionnaire was developed by the researchers based on Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines.

    Results: Majority of the participants were in the age group 31 years and older who were university graduates, housewives, and have a monthly income of more than 5000 Saudi Riyals. In addition to their obstetric history, majorities were multigravida and multipara, in their third trimester, had no previous surgical or obstetric surgical history or complications in their previous pregnancies. Significant associations were found between the level of hemoglobin and income and dietary practices. Education is a major predictor of knowledge, attitude and practice among Saudi pregnant women.

    Conclusions: Saudi pregnant women have modest knowledge and positive attitude regarding IDA during pregnancy. Appropriate nutritional counseling during antenatal follow up should be encouraged and should include all women in reproductive age.

     

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Foote EM, Sullivan KM, Ruth LJ, Oremo J, Sadumah I, Williams TN & Suchdev PS (2013) Determinants of anemia among preschool children in rural, western Kenya. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 88, 757-764. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.12-0560.

      [2] Estadella J, Villamarín L, Feliu A, Perelló J & Calaf J (2018) Characterization of the population with severe iron deficiency anemia at risk of requiring intravenous iron supplementation. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 224, 41-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2018.03.005.

      [3] Lokeshwar MR, Mehta M, Mehta N, Shelke P & Babar N (2011) Prevention of iron deficiency anemia (IDA): how far have we reached? The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 78, 593-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-010-0130-1.

      [4] Nivedita K & Shanthini F (2016) Knowledge, attitude and practices of pregnant women regarding anemia, iron rich diet and iron supplements and its impact on their hemoglobin levels. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 5, 425-431. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20160383.

      [5] World Health Organziation. The global prevalence of anemia in 2011. Available at: http://www.who.int/ nutrition/ publications/ micronutrients/ global_prevalence_anaemia_2011/e n/. Accessed January 9, 2019.

      [6] Horwath CC (1999) Applying the Trans Theoretical Model to eating behavior change: challenges and opportunities. Nutrition Research Review. 12, 281–317. https://doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728965.

      [7] Fox C & Kilvert A (2003) Intensive education for lifestyle change in diabetes. British Medical Journal, 327, 1120-1121. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7424.1120.

      [8] Macias YF & Glasauer P (2014) Guidelines for assessing nutrition related knowledge, attitude, and practices. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations. Available at: http://www.fao.org/docrep/019/13545e/13545e.pdf. Accessed January 9, 2019.

      [9] Mohannad A, Rizvi F & Irfan G (2012) Impact of maternal education, and socioeconomic status on maternal nutritional knowledge and practices regarding iron rich foods and iron supplements, Annals of Pakistani Institute of Medical Science, 8, 101-105.

      [10] Kalimbira AA, Mtimuni BM & Chilima DM (2012) maternal knowledge and practices related to anaemia and iron supplementation. African Journal of Food Agriculture and Nutritional Development, 550-564.

      [11] Adznam SH, Sedek R & Kasim ZM (2018) Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice levels regarding anaemia among pregnant women in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 17, 578-585. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2018.578.585.

      [12] Yadav RK, Swamy MK & Banjade B (2014) Knowledge and practice of anemia among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Karnataka-A cross sectional study. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 13, 74-80. https://doi.org/10.9790/0853-13477480.

      [13] Ahmed N, Kotob S & Hassanen R (2018) Knowledge and attitude of pregnant women about iron deficiency anemia in Assist University Women Health Hospital, Egypt. Journal of Nursing and Health Science, 7, 49-58.

      [14] Ghimire N & Pandey N (2013) Knowledge and practice of mothers regarding the prevention of anemia during pregnancy, in teaching hospital, Kathmandu. Journal of Chitwan Medical College, 3, 14-17. https://doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v3i3.8631.

      [15] Munoz L, Lönnerdal B, Keen CL, & Dewey KG (1988). Coffee consumption as a factor in iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women and their infants in Costa Rica. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 48, 645–651. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/48.3.645.

      [16] Kumera G, Haile K, Abebem N & Eshete T (2018) Anemia and its association with coffee consumption and hookworm infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. PLoS One, 13, e0206880. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0206880.

      [17] Alemayehu MS & Tesema EM (2015) Dietary practice and associated factors among pregnant women in Gondar town northwest, Ethiopia, 2014. International Journal of Nutrition & Food Science, 4, 707–712. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnfs.20150406.27.

      [18] Mirsanjaril M, Muda D, Ahmad A & Othman MS. Does nutritional knowledge have relationship with healthy dietary attitude and practices during pregnancy? International conference on nutrition and food sciences. IPCBEE 2012, vol. 39. Singapore: IACSIT Press.

      [19] Painter J, Rah J & Lee Y (2003) Comparison of international food guide pictorial representation. Journal of American Diet Association, 102, 483–489. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90113-6.

      [20] Abdelhafez AM & El-Soadaa SS. Prevalence and risk factors of anemia among a sample of pregnant. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 11, 1113-1120. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2012.1113.1120.

      [21] M’Cormack F & Drolet J (2012) Assessment of anemia knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among pregnant women in Sierra Leone. The Health Educator, 44, 9-14.

      [22] Margwe J. (2015) Prevalence, knowledge and attitude of pregnant women on control measures od anemia in Mbuludistric,Tanzania. Master Thesis of Science in Public Health and Food Safety Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.

      [23] Daba GF, Beyene H, Fekadu W & Garoma W (2013) Assessment of knowledge of pregnant mothers on maternal nutrition and associated factors in Guto Gida Woreda, East Wollega Zone, Ethiopia Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences, 3, 213-219. https://doi.org/10.4314/star.v2i3.98748.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Ayidh Alosaimi, A., Abdullah Alamri, S., Mohammed Abduljawad, M., Mohammed Yakout, S., & Abdelatty Moawed, S. (2020). Dietary knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding prevention of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Advanced Nursing Studies, 9(1), 29-36. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijans.v9i1.30456

    Received date: 2020-02-22

    Accepted date: 2020-03-14

    Published date: 2020-07-01