Middleware Architectures for IoT: Enhancing Interoperability and Scalability

  • Authors

    • Navin Kumar Trivedi Research Scholar, SGGSIET, Nanded, Assistant Professor, MGMCET, Navi Mumbai
    • Dr. Girish V. Chowdhary Professor, School of Computational Science, SRTMU, Nanded
    https://doi.org/10.14419/5ndney78

    Received date: May 7, 2025

    Accepted date: June 2, 2025

    Published date: June 13, 2025

  • Internet of Things; IoT Middleware; IoT Integration; IoT Interoperability; IoT Scalability; Protocol Translation; ‎Microservices; IoT Security, Docker‎.

  • Abstract

    This paper proposes a middleware architecture that will help in enhancing the IoT systems’ interoperability, ‎scalability, and security. It consists of a Protocol Translation Layer, Microservices Layer, and Intelligent Load ‎Balancer, and Python and Docker for containerization. The system also consists of a protocol converter ‎between MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP, and assists in distributed data processing. The middleware was tested under ‎different traffic conditions, and it was observed that the middleware has 37. 5% less latency and 66%. 7% higher ‎throughput than the traditional solutions with 50 ms latency and 10,000 messages per second throughput ‎during high traffic. The architecture is extensible and can be applied to large-scale IoT applications, and it ‎has high applicability in real-world applications, but more experiments are needed to optimize the outcome‎.

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  • How to Cite

    Trivedi, N. K., & Chowdhary, D. G. V. . . (2025). Middleware Architectures for IoT: Enhancing Interoperability and Scalability. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 14(2), 211-218. https://doi.org/10.14419/5ndney78