Composting process: a review

  • Authors

    • Shahid Raza University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
    • Jalil Ahmad
    2016-07-31
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6354
  • Composting, Lignoprotein, Parameters, Organic matter, Biofertilizer.

  • Abstract

    Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting process involve a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling , possible saleable product , improves land application, weed seed and pathogen destruction by high temperature in compost pile,  minimum risk of different pollution problems,  perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place.

  • References

    1. [1] Ryckeboer, J., Mergaert, J., Coosemans, J., Deprins, K., & Swings, J. (2003). Microbiological aspects of biowaste during composting in a monitored compost bin. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94 (1), 127-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01800.x.

      [2] Goyal, S., Dhull, S. K., & Kapoor, K. K. (2005). Chemical and biological changes during composting of different organic wastes and assessment of compost maturity. Bioresource Technology, 96 (14), 1584-1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.12.012.

      [3] Kanat, G., Demir, A., Ozkaya, B., & Bilgili, M. S. (2006). Addressing the operational problems in a composting and recycling plant. Waste Management, 26 (12), 1384-1391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2005.12.010.

      [4] Sánchez-Monedero, M. A., Roig, A., Paredes, C., & Bernal, M. P. (2001). Nitrogen transformation during organic waste composting by the Rutgers system and its effects on pH, EC and maturity of the composting mixtures.Bioresource Technology, 78 (3), 301-308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00031-1.

      [5] Hassen, A., Belguith, K., Jedidi, N., Cherif, A., Cherif, M., and Boudabous, A. (2001). Microbial characterization during composting of municipal solid waste. Bioresource technology, 80 (3): 217-225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(01)00065-7.

      [6] Ryckeboer, J., Mergaert, J., Coosemans, J., Deprins, K., and Swings, J. 2003. Microbiological aspects of biowaste during composting in a monitored compost bin. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 94 (1): 127-137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2003.01800.x.

      [7] Michel Jr, F. C., Pecchia, J. A., Rigot, J., and Keener, H. M. 2003. Mass and nutrient losses during composting of dairy manure with sawdust versus straw amendment. Compost Science and Utilization, 23: 1-33.

      [8] Dees, P. M., & Ghiorse, W. C. (2001). Microbial diversity in hot synthetic compost as revealed by PCR-amplified rRNA sequences from cultivated isolates and extracted DNA. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 35(2), 207-216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2001.tb00805.x.

      [9] Sait, M., Hugenholtz, P., & Janssen, P. H. (2002). Cultivation of globally distributed soil bacteria from phylogenetic lineages previously only detected in cultivationâ€independent surveys. Environmental Microbiology, 4 (11), 654-666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1462-2920.2002.00352.x.

      [10] Gao, M., Liang, F., Yu, A., Li, B., and Yang, L. 2010. Evaluation of stability and maturity during forced-aeration composting of chicken manure and sawdust at different C/N ratios. Chemosphere, 78 (5):614-619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.10.056.

      [11] Tiquia, S. M., and Tam, N. F. Y. 2000. Fate of nitrogen during composting of chicken litter. Environmental Pollution, 110 (3): 535-541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00319-X.

      [12] Kavitha, R., and Subramanian, P. 2007. Bioactive compost-a value added compost with microbial inoculants and organic additives. Journal of Applied Science, 7 (17): 2514-2518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2007.2514.2518.

      [13] Wakchaure, V. N., Zhou, J., Hoffmann, S., & List, B. (2010). Catalytic Asymmetric Reductive Amination of αâ€Branched Ketones. Angewandte Chemie, 122(27), 4716-4718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201001715.

      [14] Golabi, S. M., Nourmohammadi, F., & Saadnia, A. (2003). Electrosynthesis of organic compounds. Part II: Electrooxidative amination of 1, 4-dihydroxybenzene using some aliphatic amines. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 548, 41-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0728(03)00218-3.

      [15] Environmental impact assessment of Lahore compost Pvt Ltd (2011).

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Raza, S., & Ahmad, J. (2016). Composting process: a review. International Journal of Biological Research, 4(2), 102-104. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6354

    Received date: 2016-06-14

    Accepted date: 2016-07-09

    Published date: 2016-07-31