Anti-epileptic potentials of the partitioned fractions of chamaecrista mimosoides

  • Authors

    • Asinamai N. Medugu Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
    • James Yakubu Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
    • Hussaini I. Marte Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
    • Timothy . Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
    • S. Yerima Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State
    2020-07-25
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v8i1.30785
  • Chamaecrista mimosoides Phytochemical Antiepileptic, Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), Maximal Electroshock Induced Seizure (MEST), Strychnine

  • Abstract

    This research work aimed to establish scientific basis for the use of Chamaecrista mimosoides, in traditional medicine as anti-epileptic medication. The whole plant part of Chamaecrista mimosoides was extracted with ethanol and screened for phytochemicals. Acute toxicity study was carried out using Lorke’s method and the antiepileptic activity was evaluated using maximal electroshock induced seizure test in day-old chicks, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine using mice. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardenolides. Both the chloroform, ethylacetate and n-butanol portions at 100, 250, and 500mg/kg body weight did not protect the chicks against tonic hind limb extension (THLE) in maximal electro-shock test (MEST). The chloroform and n-butanol portions at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight protected 40% and 60% of mice against clonic spasm induced by pentylenetetrazole, while ethyl-acetate soluble portion did not protect the mice against clonic spasm induced by pentylenetetrazole at all doses used when compared to Valproic acid (200 mg/kg) protected all the mice (100%) against clonic spasm induced by pentylenetetrazole. The chloroform soluble portion at the doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight protected 40%, 100%, 100% against death induced by strychnine, while ethylacetate and n-butanol portions did not protect the rats against death induced by strychnine but prolonged the onset of convulsion. In all the tests, phenobarbitone (20 mg/kg) was used as positive control and protected 80% of mice against convulsion induced by strychnine. The antiepileptic investigation suggests that the chloroform portion of Chamaecrista mimosoides has a promising antiepileptic activity.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Alhwegy AS & Ahmed SS (1993) Essentials of Bioassay and screening of drugs. Dar al Hikma, Elga, Malta; 105-110.

      [2] Amos S, Akah P, Enwerem N, Chindo B, Hussaini I, Wambebe C & Gamaniel K (2004) Behavioral effect of Pavetta crassipes extract on rodents. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour 77, 751–759 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2004.01.020.

      [3] Asaolu MF (2003). Chemical composition and phytochemical screening of the seeds of Garcinia kola. Pakistan Journal of Science and Industrial Research, 46,145-147.

      [4] Browning B (1992) The Electroshock model neuronal network and antiepileptic drugs. In: Faingold, C.L., and Fromm, G.H. (Eds) Drugs for control of epilepsy: Actions on Neuronal Networks in seizures disorders, CRC Press, Bocca Raton, FL, pp. 195-211. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429262623-9.

      [5] Clarke EGC & Clarke ML (1977) Veterinary Toxicology, 2nd ed. Bailliere Tindall, New York. p. 10.

      [6] Cogolludo A, Frazziano G, Briones AM, Cobeno L, Moreno L & Federica L (2007) The dietary flavonoid quercetin activates BKCa currents in coronary arteries via production of H2O2; Role in vasodilatation. Journal of Cardiovascular Research, 73, 424-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cardiores.2006.09.008.

      [7] Dave H & Ledwani L (2012) A review of anthraquinones isolated from Cassia species and their applications. Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources, 3(3), 291-319.

      [8] Engelborghs S, Hooge RD & Deyn PPD (2000) Pathophysiology of epilepsy. Journal Acta Neurologie Belguim. 100, 201-13.

      [9] Evans WC (2009). Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. 16th Edition. Saunders Publishers, London. pp. 42–229.

      [10] Iwu MM, Duncan AR & Okunji CO (1999) New Antimicrobials of plant origin. In Janick, J. (ed) Perspectives in New crops and New uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, V.A, 1999, Pp 457- 462.

      [11] Johannessen, C.V., Pertersen, D., Fonnum, F. and Hassel, B. (2002). The acute effect of valproate on cerebral energy metablosim in Mice. Epilepsy Research, 47:247-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-1211(01)00308-4.

      [12] Kakpo AB, Ladekan EY, Dassou H, Gbaguidi F, Kpoviessi S & Gbenou JD. Ethnopharmacological investigation of medicinal plants used to treat typhoid fever in Benin. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2019; 8(6): pp 225-232.

      [13] Larson MD (1969) An analysis of the action of strychnine on the recurrent IPSP and amino acid induced inhibitors in the cat spinal cord. Brain Research. 15,185-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(69)90318-7.

      [14] Lorke D (1983) A new approach to practical acute toxicity testing. Archive of Toxicology., 54, 275-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01234480.

      [15] Loscher W, Honack D, Fassbender CP, & Nolting B. (1991). The Role of Technical, Biological and Pharmacological factors in the laboratory evaluation of anticonvulsant drugs. Pentylenetetrazole seizure model. Epilepsy Research, 8: 171-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0920-1211(91)90062-K.

      [16] McCaskill D & Croteau, R. (1997) Prospects for the bioengineering of isoprenoid biosynthesis. Advances in Biochemistry, Engineering and Biotechnology, 55:107–146. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0102064.

      [17] McNamara DJ (2006) Pharmacotherapy of epilepsies. In: (Brunton, L.L., Lazo, S.J. and Parker, K.L (Eds) Gooman and Gilman’s. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics, Eleventh edition. McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York pp. 501-525.

      [18] Meldrum, B. S. (1997). Epileptic brain damage: a consequence and a cause of seizures. Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology, 23:185–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2990.1997.tb01201.x.

      [19] Namukobe J, Kasenene JM, Kiremire BT, Byamukama R, Kamatenesi-Mugisha M, Krief S, Dumontet V & Kabasa DJ. (2011) Traditional plants used for medicinal purposes by local communities around the Northern sector of Kibale National Park, Uganda Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 136, 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2011.04.044.

      [20] Newman DJ & Cragg GM (2007) Natural products as sources of new drugs over the last 25 years. Journal of Natural Products, 70, 461–477. https://doi.org/10.1021/np068054v.

      [21] Nicholson RA, David LS, Pan RL & Liu XM (2010) Pinostrobin from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. inhibits sodium channel-activated depolarization of mouse brain synaptoneurosomes. Journal of Fitoterapia, 81, 826-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.05.005.

      [22] Ogbonnia S, VanStaden J, Jager AK & Coker HA (2003) Anticonvulsant effect of Glyphaea brevis (Spreng) Moraches leaf extract in mice and preliminary phytochemical tests. Nigerian Quest Journal of Hospital Medicine, 13(3-4), 62-64. https://doi.org/10.4314/nqjhm.v13i3-4.12662.

      [23] Owolabi LF, Adamu B, Jibo AM, Owolabi DS, Isa AI, Alhaji ID Enwere OO (2020) Prevalence of active epilepsy, lifetime epilepsy prevalence, and burden of epilepsy in sub-Saharan Africa from meta-analysis of door-to-door population-based surveys. Epilepsy Behavior, 103(Pt A):106846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106846.

      [24] Rajendra S, Lynch LW & Schofield PR (1997) The glycine receptor. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 73: 121-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7258(96)00163-5.

      [25] Rang HP, Dale MM & Ritter JM (2008) Pharmacology, 4th Edition, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p. 550.

      [26] Raza M, Choudhary MI, Schaffner W, Baugh DK & Melton LJ (1987) Psychotropic drug use and the risk of hip fracture. New England Journal of Medicine, 316, 363-369. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM198702123160702.

      [27] Rho JM & Sankar R (1999) The Pharmacologic Basic of antiepileptic drug action. Epileptic, 40, 1471-1483. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb02029.x.

      [28] Sander JWAS & Shorvon SD (1987) Incidence and prevalence studies in epilepsy and their methodological problems: a review. Journal of Neurology and Neurosurgery Psychiatry; 50, 829-39. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.50.7.829.

      [29] Saxena M, Saxena Nema R, Singh D & Gupta A (2013) Phytochemistry of medicinal plants. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 1(6), 168-182.

      [30] Sayin U, Cengiz S & Altug T (1993) Vigabatin as an anticonvulsant against pentylenetetrazole seizures. Pharmacology Research. 28, 325-31. https://doi.org/10.1006/phrs.1993.1134.

      [31] Sayyah M, Sarouvhani G, Peirovi A & Kamalinejad M (2002) Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil of Lavraus nobilis Linn. Phytotherapy Research, 17:733-736. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1197.

      [32] Schmidt D (2002). The clinical impact of new antiepileptic drugs after a decade of use in epilepsy research, 50, 21-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-1211(02)00065-7.

      [33] Stables JP & Kupferberg HJ (1997) The NIH Anticonvulsant Drug Development (ADD) program. In: Avanzini G, Regesta G, Tanganelli & Avoli M (Eds) Molecular and cellular target for anti-epileptic drug. John Libbey and company Ltd., USA pp. 191-198.

      [34] Swinyard EA, Woodhead J.H., White, H.S. & Franklin, M.R. (1989) General principles; Experimental selection, quantification and Evaluation of anticonvulsant In: Levey, R.H., Mattson, B., Melrum, J.K and Dreifuss, FE. (Eds) Anti-Epileptic Drugs 3rd Edition. Raven Press. New York pp. 85-103.

      [35] Tapas AR, Sakarkar DM & Kakde RB (2008) Flavonoids and Nutraceuticals: A Review. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 7:1089-1099. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v7i3.14693.

      [36] White HS, Wolf HH, Woodhead JH & Kupferberg HJ (1998) The National Institute of health anticonvulsant drugs development programme. Screening for efficacy In: French J Leppick IE & Dichtes MA, (Eds). Antiepileptic Drug Development: Advances in Neurology, Vol.76, Lippincott-Raven Publishers, Philadelphia, pp.29-39.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    N. Medugu, A., Yakubu, J., I. Marte, H., ., T., & Yerima, S. (2020). Anti-epileptic potentials of the partitioned fractions of chamaecrista mimosoides. International Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8(1), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijpt.v8i1.30785

    Received date: 2020-05-23

    Accepted date: 2020-07-17

    Published date: 2020-07-25