Vibrio isolates from cases of acute diarrhea and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital

  • Authors

    • Ekta Mala CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL , LUDHIANA
    • Aroma Oberoi HEAD, DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL , LUDHIANA
    • Vipin Sam Alexander DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY, CHRISTIAN MEDICAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL , LUDHIANA
    2014-02-14
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v3i1.1735

  • Background: Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera is known to cause outbreaks. It is crucial to identify these outbreaks and prevent transmission. Cases of acute diarrhea should be recognized promptly in order to prevent fatal outcome, with rationale use of antibiotics. This study was done to evaluate the burden of cholera cases and to determine their antibiotic sensitivity pattern.

    Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital in North India. The stool samples received in the laboratory were processed by standard microbiological techniques for identification of V. cholerae. Serological confirmation was done and antibiotic sensitivity pattern was detected by Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method.

    Results: V. cholerae was isolated in 28 out of 1567 samples. Serotyping confirmed 68% of the cases belonging to V. cholerae 01 and 32% were V. cholerae 0139 serotype. The organism showed sensitivity to tetracycline, gentamycin, Amikacin and Norfloxacin. Resistant drugs included ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Monsoon season showed an increased prevalence of cases.

    Conclusions: Our study revealed an increase in number of cases during the monsoon season, implying lack of sanitary conditions. V. cholerae 01 Ogawa serotype was the predominant strain. Rehydration therapy is the gold standard in the treatment of cholera, and cautious use of antibiotics should be encouraged, with emerging resistance seen for ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole.

     

    Keywords: Antimicrobial resistance, cholera, diarrhea, India, vibrio cholerae.

  • References

    1. Baumann, P., Furniss, A. and Lee, V. (1984.). In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (eds. N.R. Krieg and J.G. Holt) the Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore/London.
    2. R Pearson, Microbiology with Diseases of Body System, 5th ed, 22; 796
    3. Hendriksen RS, Price LB, Schupp JM, et al. Population genetics of Vibrio cholerae from Nepal in 2010: evidence on the origin of the Haitian outbreak. MBio. 2011 Sep 1; 2(4):e00157-11. doi: 10.1128/mBio.00157-11
    4. Barron EJ, Finegold SM. In: Bailey & Scott’s diagnostic microbiology, Missouri, USA: CV Mosby Company; 1990. p. 431-5.
    5. Dalsgaard, A, Albert, MJ, Taylor DN. et al. Characterization of Vibrio cholera non 01 serogroups obtained from an outbreak of diarrhoea in Lima, Peru. J Clin Microbiol. 1995 Oct; 33(10):2715- 22.
    6. Sack RB, Siddique AK, Longini IM, Jr., Nizam A, Yunus M, Islam MS, et al. A 4-year study of the epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae in four rural areas of Bangladesh. J Infect Dis. 2003 Jan 1; 187(1):96-101.
    7. Taneja N, Biswal M, Tarai B, Sharma M. Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 Biotype El Tor serotype Inaba in north India. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005 Aug; 58(4):238-40.
    8. Taneja N, Kaur J, Sharma K, Singh M, Kalra JK, Sharma NM, et al. A recent outbreak of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa in & around Chandigarh, North India. Indian J Med Res. 2003 Jun; 117:243-6.
    9. Sharma NC, Mandal PK, Dhillon R, Jain M. Changing profile of Vibrio cholerae O1, O139 in Delhi & its periphery (2003-2005). Indian J Med Res. 2007 May; 125(5):633-40.
    10. Mukhopadhyay AK, Basu I, Bhattacharya SK, Bhattacharya MK, Nair GB. Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from hospitalized patients with acute diarrhea in Calcutta, India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998 Jan; 42(1):206-7.
    11. Kutar BM, Rajpara N, Upadhyay H, Ramamurthy T, Bhardwaj AK. Clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa of 2009 from Kolkata, India: preponderance of SXT element and presence of Haitian ctxB variant. PLoS One. 2013; 8(2):e56477. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056477.
    12. Garg P, Nandy RK, Chaudhury P, Chowdhury NR, De K, Ramamurthy T, et al. Emergence of Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Inaba from the prevailing O1 Ogawa serotype strains in India. J Clin Microbiol. 2000 Nov; 38(11):4249-53.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Mala, E., Oberoi, A., & Alexander, V. S. (2014). Vibrio isolates from cases of acute diarrhea and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care hospital. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(1), 35-37. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v3i1.1735