Geochemistry and Detrital Modes of Sandstone From Barakar Formation in Mand Valley Basin, Chhattisgarh, India: Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoweathering

  • Authors

    • Afreen Noori DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH-202002 INDIA
    • Sarwar Rais DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY, ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY, ALIGARH-202002 INDIA
    2014-05-21
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v3i2.2353

  • Abstract

    Geochemistry and petrographic analysis of sandstones of the Lower Permian Barakar Formation (Lower Gondwana) Mand valley basin, Chhattisgarh, India have been undertaken to interpret their provenance, tectonic setting, paleoweathering and climatic conditions. The petrology of these Barakar sandstones reveal that they are mainly composed of variable amounts of monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz, potash and plagioclase feldspars with minor amount of micas and chert as well as metamorphic and sedimentary rock fragments in addition to heavy accessories. Based on the modal analysis, the Barakar sandstones are classified as subarkose and sublitharenite types. Plots of sandstone composition in tectonic setting discrimination diagrams suggest derivation of these detritus from craton interior and recycled orogenic provenance. Tectonic setting discrimination diagrams based on major elements composition suggest a quartzose sedimentary provenance in a passive continental margin. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA), Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) indices and A-CN-K plot suggest moderate to intense weathering of source rocks under humid climatic condition.

    Keywords: Barakar Sandstone, Geochemistry, Mand Valley Basin, Provenance, Tectonic Setting.

  • References

    1. Dickinson, W. R. and Suczek, C. A., “Plate Tectonics and Sandstone Compositions”, AAPG Bulletin, Vol. 63, (1979), pp. 2164–2182.
    2. Dickinson, W.R., Beard, L.S., Brakenridge, G.R., Erjavec, J.L., Ferguson, R.C., Inman, K.F., Knepp, R.A., Lindberg, F.A., Ryberg, P.T., “Provenance of North American Phanerozoic sandstone in relation to tectonic setting”. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. Vol. 94, (1983), pp. 222–235.
    3. Dickinson, W. R., “Interpreting Provenance Relations from Detrital Modes of Sandstones.” NATO ASI Series, Series C: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Vol. 148, (1985), pp. 333–361.
    4. Potter, P.E, “South America and a few grains of sands: Part 1: Beach sands; The Journal of Geology, Vol. 94, No. 3 (1986), pp. 301-319.
    5. Vaidyanadhan, R. and Ramakrishnan, M., Geology of India (Volume 2). Geological Society of India, Bangalore, (2010).
    6. Raja Rao, C.S. (1982) Coalfields of India, Vol. II. Coal Resources of Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa and Maharashtra. Bulletin of the Geological Survey of India, 45(A), 41–52.
    7. Raja Rao, C.S. “Coalfields of India, Coal Resources of Madhya Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir.” Bulletin of the Geological Survey of India, Vol. III. No. 45(A), (1983), pp. 1-20.
    8. Dickinson, W.R., “Interpreting detrital modes of greywacke and arkose. J. Sediment. Petrol. Vol. 40, (1970), pp. 695–707.
    9. Ingersoll, R. V., Fullard, T. F., Ford, R. L., et al., “The Effect of Grain Size on Detrital Modes: A Test of the Gazzi-Dickinson Point Counting Method.” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 54, (1984), pp. 103–116.
    10. Folk, R. L., Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Hemphill Publishing, Austin, Texas, (1980).
    11. Suttner LJ, Basu A, Mack GH, “Climate and the origin of quartz arenites”. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 51: (1981), pp. 235–246
    12. Suttner, L. J., Dutta, P. K., “Alluvial Sandstone Composition and Paleoclimate: I, Framework Mineralogy.” Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, Vol. 56, (1986) pp. 329–345.
    13. Potter, P.E., “Petrology and Chemistry of modern Big River Sand.” Journal of Geology Vo.86, No.4 (1978), pp. 423-449.
    14. Crook, K.A.W., “Lithogenesis and geotectonics: The significance of compositional variation in flysch arenites (graywackes)”, The Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists (SEPM), Special publication 19, (1974), pp. 304-310.
    15. Hayashi, K., Fujisawa, H., Holland, H., Ohmoto, H., “Geochemistry of 1.9 Ga sedimentary rocks from northeastern Labrador, Canada: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 61(19), (1997), pp. 4115-4137.
    16. Pettijohn, F.J., Potter, P. E., Siever, R., Sand and Sandstones: Springer–Verlag, New York, (1972).
    17. Herron, M.M., 1988, “Geochemical classification of terrigenous sands and shales from core or log data”, Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 58, 820–829.
    18. Ingersoll, R. V., and Suczek, C. A., “Petrology and provenance of Neogene sand from Nicobar and Bengal fans, DSDP Sites 211 and 218”. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, vol. 49 (1979), pp.1217-1228.
    19. Bhatia, M. R., “Plate Tectonics and Geochemical Composition of Sandstones”, Journal of Geology, Vol. 91, (1983), pp. 611–627.
    20. Roser, B. P., Korsch, R. J., “Determination of Tectonic Setting of Sandstone-Mudstone Suites Using SiO2 Content and K2O/Na2O Ratio. Journal of Geology, Vol.94 (1986), pp. 635–650.
    21. Roser, B. P., Korsch, R. J., “Provenance Signatures of Sandstone-Mudstone Suites Determined Using Discriminant Function Analysis of Major-Element Data. Chemical Geology, Vol. 67, (1988), pp. 119–139.
    22. Nesbitt, H.W. & Young, G.M., “Petrogenesis of sediments in the absence of chemical weathering: effects of abrasion and sorting on bulk composition and mineralogy.” Sedimentology, Vol.43, (1996), pp. 341-358.
    23. Nesbitt, H.W., Fedo, C.M. & Young, G.M., “Quartz and feldspar stability, steady and non-steady state weathering and petrogenesis of siliciclastic sands and muds.” Journal of Geology, Vol.105, (1997). pp. 173-191.
    24. Nesbitt, H. W., Young, G. M., “Early Proterozoic Climates and Plate Motions Inferred from Major Elemental Chemistry of Lutites. Nature, Vol. 299, (1982), pp. 715–717
    25. Harnois, L., “The CIW Index: A New Chemical Index of Weathering.” Sedimentary Geology, Vol. 55, (1988), pp. 319–322.
    26. Fedo, C.M., Nesbitt, H.W and Young, G.M., “Unravelling the effects of potassium metasomatism in sedimentary rocks and paleosols, with implications in weathering conditions and provenance”, Geology, Vol. 23, (1995), pp. 921-924.
    27. Nesbitt, H.W and Young, G.M., “Prediction of some weathering trend of plutonic and volcanic rocks based on thermodynamic and kinetic `consideration”, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 48, (1984), pp. 1523-1534.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Noori, A., & Rais, S. (2014). Geochemistry and Detrital Modes of Sandstone From Barakar Formation in Mand Valley Basin, Chhattisgarh, India: Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Paleoweathering. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 124-133. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v3i2.2353

    Received date: 2014-04-04

    Accepted date: 2014-05-02

    Published date: 2014-05-21