Study of arsenic distribution in sediments of the southeastern Caspian sea

  • Authors

    • Hossein Bagheri Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad International Campus
    • Mohammad hossein Mahmodi Gharaei Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad International Campus
    • Seyed Reza Mossavi Harami
    • Zahra Bagheri
    2014-12-26
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v4i1.3741
  • Sediments Arsenic, Caspian Sea, Gorgan Bay.
  • Geochemical studies of sediments, water bodies like rivers, estuaries and the sea bed, can be an effective step to find the source and distribution model assessment of environmental pollutants in a region. Sediments are the final destination of heavy metals in aqueous environments contamination, including arsenic entering the water resources in different ways, causing hazards such as poisoning, and carcinogenesis in living bodies. Study arsenic levels in the eastern part of the Caspian Sea, 30 stations were selected in the Calculation of aggregated fine-grained organic matter in two seasons of the arsenic concentration in both summer and winter by using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was determined. Geochemical index, Enrichment factor and pollution index were determined low pollution to non-pollution area and cause of arsenic to the environment, erosion of the Geological formation of the bay, leading GORGAN River carry deposits upstream of surroundings were. Primary cause of arsenic to the environment, geology and upstream sediment erosion and transport by rivers is leading to Gorgan Bay and surrounding areas. Compare these results with other parts of the Caspian Sea show that arsenic levels observed in this study in the Gorgan Bay and surrounding areas has been less than other part of the Caspian Sea.

  • References

    1. [1] Abrantes A, Pinto F, Moreira M, 1999.Ecology of polychaete Nereis diversicolor, in the Cannal de Mira(Ria de averio,Portugal). Population dynamics, production and oogenic cycle. Acta Oceanology 20(4): 267-283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1146-609X(99)00139-3.

      [2] Adamo P, Arienzo M, Imperato M, Naimo D, Nardi G, Stanzione D, 2005. Distribution and partition of heavy metals in surface and sub-surface sediments of Naples city port. Chemosphere 61: 800–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.04.001.

      [3] Aloupi M, Angelidis MO, 2001. Geochemistry of natural and anthropogenic metals in the coastal sediments of the island of Lesvos, Aegean Sea. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 113: 211–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(00)00173-1.

      [4] Bagheri, H, Darvish Bastami, K, Kheirabadi, V,Ghorbanzadeh Zaferani, V, Teymori, M, Hamzehpoor, A, Soltani,F, Haghparast, S, Moussavi Haram,R Ghorghani,N Ganji, N., 2014. Distribution and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments along southeast coast of the Caspian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin 81: 262–267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.01.029.

      [5] Berg M, et al., 2007. Magnitude of arsenic pollution in the Mekong and Red River Deltas—Cambodia and Vietnam. Sci Total Environ 372:413–425Birch GF, Taylor SE, 2006. Application of sediment quality guidelines in the assessment and management of contaminated surficial sediments in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour), Australia. Journal of Environmental Management, 29: 860–870.

      [6] Blaser P, Zimmermann S, Luster J, Shotyk W, 2000. Critical examination of trace element enrichments and depletions in soils: As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in Swiss forest soils. Sci. Total Environ. 249: 257-280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(99)00522-7.

      [7] Bloom H, Ayling GM, 1977. Heavy metals in the Derwent Estuary. Environmental Geology, 2: 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02430661.

      [8] Bothner MH, Buchholtz ten Brink M, Manheim FT, 1998. Metal concentrations in surface sediments of Boston Harbor – changes with time. Journal of Marine Environmental Research, 45: 127–155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0141-1136(97)00027-5.

      [9] Buccolieri A, Buccolieri G, Cardellicchio N, Atti AD, Leo AD, Maci A, 2006. Heavy metals in marine sediments of Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). Journal of Marine Chemistry, 99: 227–235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.09.009.

      [10] Callender E, 2005. Heavy metals in the environment – historical trends. In: Lokkar, B.S., (Ed.), Environmental Geochemistry. In: Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K., (Eds.), and Journal of Treatise on Geochemistry. Elsevier, Pergamon Oxford, 67–106 pp.

      [11] Çevik F, Göksu MZL, Derici OB, Fındık Ö, 2009. An assessment of metal pollution in surface sediments of Seyhan dam by using enrichment factor, geoaccumulation index and statistical analyses. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 152: 309-317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0317-3.

      [12] Chen WQ, 2007. Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54: 974–982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.010.

      [13] DarvishBastami,K, Bagheri H, aghparast,S Soltani,F, Hamzehpoor,A, Darvish Bastami,M 2012.Geochemical and geo-statistical assessment of selected heavy metals in the surfacesediments of the Gorgan Bay, Iran,; Marine Pollution Bulletin, 64: 2877–2884

      [14] De Mora S D, Sheikholeslami M R, 2002. ASTP:Contaminant screening program: Final report: Interpretation of Caspian Sea sediment data. Caspian Environment Program (CEP), 27 pp.

      [15] De Mora SJ, Sheikholeslami MR, Wyse E, Azemard S, Cassi R, 2004. An Assessment of Metal Contamination in Coastal Sediments of the Caspian Sea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(03)00285-6.

      [16] Diagomanolin V, Farhang M, Ghazi-Khansari M, Jafarzadeh N, 2004. Heavy metals (Ni, Cr, Cu) in the Karoon waterway river. Iran Toxicology Letters, 151:63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.02.018.

      [17] ElNemr AH, El Sikaily A, Khaled A, 2007. Total and leachable heavy metals in muddy and sandy sediments of Egyptian coast along Mediterranean Sea, Estuar. Journal of Coastal and Shelf Science, 129:151–168.

      [18] Feng H, Han X, Zhang W, Yu L, 2004. A preliminary study of heavy metal contamination in Yangtze River intertidal zone due to urbanization. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49: 910-915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.06.014.

      [19] Filibeli A, Yilmaz R, Alyanak I, 1995. Dredged material of Izmir Harbor: its behavior and pollution potential. Water Science Technology, 32:105–113. Fo¨rstner U, Wittmann GTW, 1979. Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. . Journal of Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg, 486 pp.

      [20] Grinwood MJ and Dixon E., 1997. Assessment of risks posed by list ΙΙ metals to sensitive marine areas (SMAs) and adequacy of existing environmental quality standards (EQSs) for SMA protection. WRc report for English Nature, Contract No.10435-0.

      [21] Hamer K, Karius V, 2002. Brick production with dredged harbour sediments: An industrial-scale experiment. Journal of Waste Management, 22: 521–530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(01)00048-4.

      [22] Hakanson L, 1980. An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Journal of Water Research, 14: 975–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(80)90143-8.

      [23] Han Y, Du P, Cao J, Eric SP, 2006. Multivariate analysis of heavy metal contamination in urban dusts of Xi'an. Cent. China. Science Total Environment, 355:176-186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.02.026.

      [24] Horowitz AJ, Elrick KA, 1987. The relation of stream sediment surface area, grainsize and composition to trace element chemistry. Applied Geochemistry, 2: 437-451.Huang KM, Lin S, 2003. Consequences and implication of heavy metal spatial variations in sediments of the Keelung River drainage basin, Taiwan. Chemosphere, 53: 1113–1121.

      [25] Huang X, Li X, Yue W, Huang L, Li Y, 2003. Accumulation of heavy metals in the sediments of Shenzhen Bay, South China. Journal of Environmental Science, 24: 144–149 (in Chinese with English abstract).

      [26] Huang KM, Lin S, 2003. Consequences and implication of heavy metal spatial variations in sediments of the Keelung River drainage basin, Taiwan. Chemosphere, 53: 1113–1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00592-7.

      [27] Hug S. J., Leupin O. X. and Berg M. (2008) Bangladesh and Vietnam: Different groundwater compositions require different approaches to arsenic mitigation.Environ. Sci. Technol. 42: 6318–6323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es7028284.

      [28] Irabien M J, Velasco F, 1999. Heavy metals in Oka Rive sediments (Urdaibai National Biosphere Reserve, Northern Spain): Lithogenic and anthropogenic effects. Journal of Environmental Geology, 37:54-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050360.

      [29] Islam KL, Hossain MM, 1986. Effect of ship scrapping activities on soil and sea environment in the coastal area of Chittagong, Bangladesh. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 17: 462– 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(86)90836-2.

      [30] Karageorgis AP, Sioulas AI, Anagnostou CL, 2002. Use of surface sediments in Pagassitikos Gulf, Greece, to detect anthropogenic influence. Journal of Geo-Marine Letters: 21, 200–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-001-0086-2.

      [31] Lee CL, Fang MD, Hsieh MT, 1998. Characterization and distribution of metals in surficial sediments in southwestern Taiwan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 36, 464–471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00006-X.

      [32] Long E, MacDonald DD, Smith, SL, Calder FD, 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentrations in marine and estuarine sediments. Journal of Environmental Management, 19: 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02472006.

      [33] Larsen PF, Gaudette H, 1995. Spatial and temporal aspect of sedimentary trace metal concentrations in mid-coast Maine. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 30(7): 437– 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326X(94)00129-W.

      [34] Lewis D.W., Mc Conchie D., 1994, Analytical sedimentology, Chapman & Hau, 197 p. Liaghati T, Preda M, Cox M, 2004. Heavy metal distribution and controlling factors within coastal plain sediments, Bells Creek catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia. Environment International 29: 935–948.

      [35] Lindholm R, 1987. A Practical Approach to Sedimentology. Allen and Unwin, London, 278p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7683-5.

      [36] Marchand C, Lallier-Verges E, Baltzer F, Albe'ric AP, Cossa D, Baillif P, 2006. Heavy metals distribution in mangrove sediments along the mobile coastline of French Guiana. Journal of Marine Chemistry, 98: 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.06.001.

      [37] Maanan M, Zourarah B, Carruesco C, Aajjane A, Naud J, 2004. The distribution of heavy metals in the Sidi Moussa lagoon sediments (Atlantic Moroccan Coast).Journal of African Earth Sciences, 39: 473–483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2004.07.017.

      [38] MacDonald DD, Ingersoll CG, Berger TA, 2000. Development and evaluation of consensus-based sediment quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems. Journal of Arch Environmental Contamination Toxicology, 39: 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002440010075.

      [39] Maher WA, Aislabie J, 1992. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in near shore marine sediments of Australia. Journal of Science of the Total Environment 112:143–164 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(92)90184-T.

      [40] McCave IN, 1984. Size spectra and aggregation of suspended particles in the deep ocean. Deep-Sea Research, 31: 329–352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(84)90088-8.

      [41] McCready S, Birch GF, Long ER, 2006. Metallic and organic contaminants in sediments of Sydney Harbour, Australia and vicinity—a chemical dataset for evaluating sediment quality guidelines. Journal of Environment International, 32: 455– 465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.10.006.

      [42] Morillo, J., Usero, J., Gracia, I., 2004. Heavy metal distribution in marine sediments from the southwest coast of Spain. Chemosphere, 55: 431–442. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.10.047.

      [43] Muller G.; Schwermentalle in: Calmano W Forstner U., 1979. Sediment and Toxic substances. 336p.

      [44] NOAA, 1999. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Sediment quality guideline developed for the national status and trends Program. The Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA) (NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS CCMA) 0137P.

      [45] Okay OS, Legovic T, T€ufekc V, Egesel L, Morkoc E, 1996. Environmental impact of land-based pollutants on _Izmit Bay (Turkey): short-term algal bioassays and simulation of toxicity distribution in the marine environment. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 31: 459–465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212428.

      [46] Reddy MS, Basha S, Kumar VGS, Joshi HV, Ramachandraiah G, 2004. Distribution,enrichment and accumulation of heavy metals in coastal sediments of Alange Sosiya ship scrapping yard, India. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 48: 1055-1059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2003.12.011.

      [47] Rivail Da Silva M, Lamotte M, Donard OFX, Soriano-Sierra EJ, Robert M, 1996. Metal contamination in surface sediments of mangroves, lagoons and southern Bay in Florianopolis Island. Journal of Environmental Technology, 17, 1035–1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593331708616473.

      [48] Selvaraj K, Ram Mohan V, Szefer P, 2004. Evaluation of metal contamination in coastal sediments of the Bay of Bengal, India: geochemical and statistical approaches. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 49: 174–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.02.006.

      [49] Tam NFY, Wong YS, 2000. Spatial variation of heavy metals in surface sediments of Hong Kong mangrove swamps, Environmental Pollution, 110: 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00310-3.

      [50] US EPA-Region II., USACE-New York District., USDOE-BNL., 1999. Fast Track Dredged Material Decontamination Demonstration for the Port of New York and New Jersey. In: Report to Congress on the Water Resources and Development Acts of 1990 (Section 412), 1992 (Section 405C), and 1996 (Section 226). EPA 000-0-99000, December 1999.p65.

      [51] Vald'es J, Vargas G, Sifeddine A, Ortlieb L, Guinez M, 2005. Distribution and enrichment evaluation of heavy metals in Mejillones Bay (23°S), Northern Chile: geochemical and statistical approach. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 50: 1558–1568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.024.

      [52] Woitke P, Wellmitz J, Helm D, Kube P, Lepom P, Litheraty P, 2003.Analysis and assessment of heavy metal pollution in suspended solids and sediments of the river Danube. Chemosphere, 51: 633–642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00217-0.

      [53] Wright P, Mason CF, 1999. Spatial and seasonal variation in heavy metals in the sediments and biota of two adjacent estuaries, the Orwell and the Stour, in eastern England. Journal of Science of the Total Environment, 226: 139–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00383-0.

      [54] Zhang L, Ye Xin, Feng H, Jing Y, Ouyang T, Yu X, Liang R, Gao C, Chen W,2007. Heavy metal contamination in western Xiamen Bay sediments and its vicinity, China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 54: 974–982. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.02.010.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Bagheri, H., Mahmodi Gharaei, M. hossein, Harami, S. R. M., & Bagheri, Z. (2014). Study of arsenic distribution in sediments of the southeastern Caspian sea. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v4i1.3741