Enzymes of polyamine biodegradation pathway in amniotic fluid during the pregnancy compared with values of L/S ratio

  • Authors

    • Gordana Bjelakovic University of Nis, Medical faculty
    • DuÅ¡ica Pavlovic
    • Gordana Kocic
    • Ivana Stojanovic
    • Tatjana Jevtovic Stoimenov
    • DuÅ¡an Sokolovic
    • Marija Bjelakovic
    • Petar Miladinovic
    2015-01-16
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v4i1.4071
  • Amniotic Fluid, Polyamine Oxidase Activity, Diamine Oxidase Activity, Lecithin/ Sphingomyelin (L/S) Ratio, Women, Pregnancy.

  • Abstract

    Background: During the pregnancy the amount of polyamines spermine, spermidine and putrescine, rise rapidly in amniotic fluid. Polyamine oxidase (PAO) represents one of the key enzymes in catabolic pathway of polyamines. PAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of spermine (Sp) or spermidine (Spd). The literature data documented that serum PAO activity increases in pregnancy. Diamine oxidase (DAO), histaminase, catalyses the oxidation of diamine putrescine or histamine. DAO is present in high concentrations in amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid is the protective liquid for the baby in the mother’s uterus. The determination of the lecithin to sphyngomyelin (L/S) ratio is by far the most widely used and accepted method to assess the fetal lung immaturity. The idea of the present study was to elucidate the polyamine metabolism in amniotic fluid during the pregnancy, through investigation of polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities, and to compare their activities with the values of lecithin/ sphingomielin ratio (L/S) ratio.

    Methods: The study included 170 pregnant women. The amniotic fluid samples were obtained using amniocentesis. The values of L/S ratio were estimated by a thin layer chromatography. PAO and DAO activities were measured by the spectrophotometric methods.

    Results: Our results confirmed that amniotic fluid possess PAO and DAO activity. The activities of both enzymes in amniotic fluid samples increase in parallel with the L/S ratio increase. Diamine oxidase activity was higher than polyamine oxidase activity.

    Conclusions: DAO and PAO activities may serve as markers of fetal lung maturity.

  • References

    1. [1] Cohen SS. A Guide to the Polyamines. Oxford University Press, New York, 1998 1-543.

      [2] Tabor CW, Tabor H. Polyamines. Annu Rev Biochem 53 1984 749–790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.003533.

      [3] Pegg AE. Mammalian polyamine metabolism and function. IUBMB Life 61(9) 2009 880–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iub.230.

      [4] Igarashi K, Kashiwagi K. Modulation of cellular function by polyamines. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 42(1) 2010 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2009.07.009.

      [5] Pegg AE, Casero RA. Current status of the polyamine research field.Methods Mol Biol 720 2011 3–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-034-8_1.

      [6] Gerner EW, Meyskens FL. Polyamines and cancer: Old molecules, new understanding. Nat Rev Cancer 4(10) 2004 781–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrc1454.

      [7] Morgan DM. Polyamines. An overview. Molecular Biotechnology 11 1999 229-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02788682.

      [8] Mandal S, Mandal A, Johansson HE, Orjalo AV, Park MH. Depletion of cellular polyamines, spermidine and spermine, causes a total arrest in translation and growth in mammalian cells. PNAS 110 (6) 2013 2169-174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1219002110.

      [9] Minois N, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Madeo F.Polyamines in aging and disease. Aging 3 (8) 2011 1-17.

      [10] Coffino P, Poznanski A.Killer polyamines? J Cell Biochem 45(1) 1991 54-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240450112.

      [11] Heby O. Role of polyamines in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Differentiation 19 1981 1-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-0436.1981.tb01123.x.

      [12] Urdiales JL, Medina MA. Sanchez-Jimenez F. Polyamine metabolism revisited. European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 13(9) 2001 1015-019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200109000-00003.

      [13] Wallace MH, Frasaer VA, Hughes A. A perspective of polyamine metabolism. Biochem J 376 2003 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20031327.

      [14] JanneJ, Alhonen L, Pietila M, Keinanen TA. Genetic approaches to the cellular functions of polyamines in mammals. Eur J Biochem 271 2004 877–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04009.x.

      [15] Anderssonn CA, Henningssonn S, Rosengren E. Increased formatuion of diamine and polyamine in pregnant rat. J Physiol 285 1978 311-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012573.

      [16] Guha SK, Jänne J. The synthesis and accumulation of polyamines in reproductive organs of the rat during pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) - General Subjects 437(1) 1976 244–252 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4165(76)90366-4.

      [17] Holtta E. Oxidation of Spermidine and Spermine in Rat Liver: Purification and Properties of Polyamine Oxidase? Biochemistry 16(1) 1977 91-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00620a015.

      [18] Maudsley DV, Kobayashi Y. Biosynthesis and metabolism of putrescine in the rat placenta. Biochem Pharmacol 26(2) 1977 121-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(77)90382-3.

      [19] Piacentini M, Sartori C, Beninati S, Bargagli AM, Ceru-Argento MP. Ornithine decarboxylase, transglutaminase, diamine oxidase and total diamines and polyamines in maternal liver and kidney throughout rat pregnancy. Biochem J 234 1986 435-40.

      [20] Chan YW, Seale WT, Shukla BJ, Rennert MO. Polyamine conjugates and total polyamine concentrations in human amniotic fluid. Clin Chim Acta 91 1979 233-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(79)90479-0.

      [21] Seiler N. Catabolism of polyamines. Amino Acids 26 2004 217–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00726-004-0070-z.

      [22] Seiler N, Raul F. Polyamines and apoptosis. J Cell Mol Med 9(3) 2005 623-42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2005.tb00493.x.

      [23] Vujic S, Diegelman P, Bacchi CJ, Kramer DL, Porter CW. Identification and characterization of a novel flavin-containing spermine oxidase of mammalian cell origin. Biochem J 367 2002 665–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20020720.

      [24] VujicS, Liang P, Diegelman P, Kramer DL,Porter CW.Genomic identification and biochemical characterization of the mammalian polyamine oxidase involved in polyamine back-conversion. Biochem J 370 2003 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/BJ20021779.

      [25] Illei G, Morgan DML. Serum polyamine oxidase activity in spontaneous abortion BJOG: An Int J Obst Gynaecol 89 (3) 1982 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb03613.x.

      [26] Morgan DML,Illei G. Polyamine-polyamine oxidase interaction: part of maternal protective mechanism against fetal rejection. Br Med J 280 1980 1295-297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.280.6227.1295.

      [27] Anderson CA, Henningsson S, Persson L, Rosengren E. Aspect on diamine oxidase activity and its determination. Acta Physiol Scand 102 1978 159-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.1978.tb06059.x.

      [28] Wolvekamp MC, de Bruin RW.Diamine oxidase: an overview of historical, biochemical and functional aspects. Dig Dis 12(1) 1994 2-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000171432.

      [29] Konishi H, Nakajama T, Saano I. Metabolism of Putrescine in the Central Nervous System. J Biochem 81(2) 1977 355-60.

      [30] Caron PC, Cote LJ, Kremzner LT. Putrescine, a source of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the adrenal gland of the rat. Biochem J 251(2) 1988 559–62.

      [31] Crabbe CJM, Waight DR, Bardsley GW. Human placental diamine oxidase. Biochem J 155 1976 679-87.

      [32] Southern AL, KobayashiY, Brenner P, Weingold AB. Diamine oxidase activity in human maternal and fetal plasma and tissues at parturition. J Appl Physiol 20(5) 1965 1048-051.

      [33] Torok EE, Brewer J I, Dolkart RE. Serum Diamine Oxidase in Pregnancy and in Trophoblastic Diseases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 30(1) 1970 59-65. Doi: 10.1210/jcem-30-1-59 http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem-30-1-59.

      [34] 34. Ward H, Whyley GA, Millar MD. The Value of Amniotic Fluid Diamine Oxidase Estimations in the Management of Severe Rhesus Iso-Immunization. Acta Obstetricia ET Gynecologica Scandinavica 55(1) 1976 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00016347609156786.

      [35] Crabbe CJM, Waight DR, Bardsley GW. Human placental diamine oxidase. . Biochem J 155 1976 679-87.

      [36] Gahl AW, Raubertas FR, Vale MA, Golubjatnikov R. Maternal serum diamine oxidase in fetal death and low birth-weith infants. Br J Obs Gynaecol 89 1982 202-07. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1982.tb03614.x.

      [37] Wiberg-Itzel E. Lactate Level in Amniotic Fluid, a New Diagnostic Tool From Preconception to Postpartum, Dr. Stavros Sifakis (Ed.), (2012) Chapter 14 221-224. ISBN: 978-953-51-0353-0, InTech, Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/from-preconception-to-postpartum/lactate-level-in-amniotic-fluid-a-newdiagnostic-tool-in-dysfunctional-labor.

      [38] Holinka CF, Gurpide E. Diamine oxidase activity in human decidua and endometrium. Am J Obstet Gynecol 150(4) 1984 359-63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9378(84)80138-6.

      [39] Southern AL, KobayashiY, Brenner P, Weingold AB. Diamine oxidase activity in human maternal and fetal plasma and tissues at parturition. J Appl Physiol 20(5) 1984 1048-051.

      [40] Legge M, Hammond EM, Ncwsomc B J, Duff G B, Aickin DR. Maternal Serum Diamine Oxidase Activity in the Third Trimester. Asia-Oceania Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology12 (4) 1986 493–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.1986.tb00224.x.

      [41] Legge M, Duff GB. Plasma diamine oxidase levels in pregnancy complicated by threatened abortion. J Clin Pathol 34(2) 1981 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jcp.34.2.187.

      [42] Yurdakök M. Inherited disorders of neonatal lung diseases. Turk J Pediatr 46(2) 2004 105-14.

      [43] Luo G, Norwitz ER. Revisiting amniocentesis for fetal lung maturity afterweeks' gestation. Rev Obstet Gynecol 1(2) 2008 61–8.

      [44] Whitsett JA, Weaver TE. Hydrophobic surfactant proteins in lung function and disease. N Engl J Med 347 2002 2141-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra022387.

      [45] Wijnberger LDE, de Kleine M, Voorbij HAM, et al. Prediction of fetal lung immaturity using gestational age, patient characteristics and fetal lung maturity tests: a probabilistic approach. Arch Gynecol Obstet 281(1) 2010 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-009-1033-0.

      [46] St Clair C, Norwitz ER, Woensdregt K, et al. The probability of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome as a function of gestational age and lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. Am J Perinatol 25(8) 2008 473-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1085066.

      [47] Gluck L, Kulovich MV, Borer RC, Brenner PH, Anderson GG, Spellacy WN. Diagnosis of the respiratory distress syndrome by amniocentesis. Am J Obstet Gynecol109 (3) 1971 440-45.

      [48] Bachrach U. Reches B. Enzymic assay for spermine and spermidine.Anal Biochem 17 1966 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(66)90005-4.

      [49] Quash G, Keolouangkhot T, Gazzolo L, Ripoll H, Saez S. Diamine oxidase and polyamine oxidase activities in normal and transformed cells. Biochem J 177 1979 275-82.

      [50] Pegg EA. Recent advances in the biochemistry of polyamines in eukaryotes. Biochem J 234 1986 249-62.

      [51] Thomas T, Thomas JT. Polyamines in cell growth and cell death:molecular mechanisms and therapeutic applications. Cell Mol Life Sci 58 2001 244–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00000852.

      [52] Reynolds LP, Redmer DA. Angiogenesis in the placenta. Biol Reprod 64 2001 1033-040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod64.4.1033.

      [53] Fozard JR, Part ML, Prakash NJ, Grove J, Schechter PJ, Sjoerdsma A, Koch-Weser J. L-Ornithine decarboxylase: an essential role in early mammalian embryogenesis. Science 208 (4443) 1980 505-508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.6768132.

      [54] Kwon H, Wu G, Bazer FW, Spencer TE. Developmental Changes in Polyamine Levels and Synthesis in the Ovine Conceptus. Biol Reproduct 69(5) 2003 1626-634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.103.019067.

      [55] Illei G, Morgan DM. Polyamine oxidase activity in amniotic fluid and fetal membranes. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 87(5) 1980 413-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04570.x.

      [56] Maintz L, Schwarzer V, Bieber T, van der Ven K, Novak N. Effects of histamine and diamine oxidase activities on pregnancy: a critical review. Human Reproduction Update 14(5) 2008 485–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmn014.

      [57] Brew O, Sullivan MH. The links between maternal histamine levels and complications of human pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 72 2006 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jri.2006.04.002.

      [58] Beaven MA, Marshall JR, Baylin SB, Sjoerdsma A. Changes in plasma histaminase activity during normal early human pregnancy and pregnancy disorders. Am J Obstet Gynecol 123 1975 605–09.

      [59] Perin A, Sessa A, Desiderio MA. Response of tissue diamine oxidase activity to polyamine administration. Biochem J 234 1986 119-23.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Bjelakovic, G., Pavlovic, D., Kocic, G., Stojanovic, I., Jevtovic Stoimenov, T., Sokolovic, D., Bjelakovic, M., & Miladinovic, P. (2015). Enzymes of polyamine biodegradation pathway in amniotic fluid during the pregnancy compared with values of L/S ratio. International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijbas.v4i1.4071