Nano indentation and morphology study of the polypropylene and high density polyethylene nanocomposites based on exfoliated graphite Nano platelets/Nano- magnesium oxide

  • Authors

    • A I. Alateyah Qassim University
    2018-06-01
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10901
  • Polypropylene, High Density Polyethylene, Exfoliated Graphite Nanoplatelets, Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles, Nanoindentation, XRD, SEM.
  • Polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were successfully fabricated using injection molding machine, by the addition of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets composites reinforced with 2wt.t% of nano-magnesia. The nanoindentation properties and microstructure of the composites were investigated, in the current study. The XRD patterns of both composites showed the peaks of xGnP and n-MgO, where their intensity became stronger with increasing the concentration of xGnP added into both polymers. In addition, the SEM micrographs revealed a good dispersion of fillers within the matrix. The nanoindentation properties of both nanocomposites revealed better properties with compared to the virgin polymers. The PP nanocomposites showed an improvement of hardness up to 22 % and 118% with the compositions of 1xGnP/2n-MgO and 5xGnP/2n-MgO respectively. In addition, HDPE/1xGnP/2n-MgO and HDPE/5xGnP/2n-MgO represented a dramatic improvement of hardness up to 146% and 341% respectively with compared to virgin polymer. In addition, the enhancements in reduced modulus of PP and HDPE were proportional to the xGNP loading.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] N. Zhao, H. R?del, C. Herzberg, S.-L. GAO, and S. Krzywinski, "Stitched glass/PP composite. Part I: Tensile and impact properties," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 40, no. 5, pp. 635-643, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.02.019.
      [2] M. Tufail, "Processing investigation and optimization for hybrid thermoplastic composites," Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, Mineral, Metallurgy, Material, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 185-189, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1005-8850(07)60036-X.
      [3] C. Chuai, K. Almdal, L. Poulsen, and D. Plackett, "Conifer fibers as reinforcing materials for polypropylene?based composites," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 80, no. 14, pp. 2833-2841, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1400.
      [4] C. Albano, J. Gonzalez, M. Ichazo, and D. Kaiser, "Thermal stability of blends of polyolefins and sisal fiber," Polymer Degradation and Stability, vol. 66, no. 2, pp. 179-190, 1999. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-3910(99)00064-6.
      [5] A. Long, C. Wilks, and C. Rudd, "Experimental characterisation of the consolidation of a commingled glass/polypropylene composite," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 61, no. 11, pp. 1591-1603, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(01)00059-8.
      [6] A. Shalwan, A. Alateyah, B. Aldousiri, and M. Alajmi, "Thermal and Nanoindentation Behaviours of Layered Silicate Reinforced Recycled GF-12 Nanocomposites," Journal of Materials Science Research, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 10, 2016. https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v5n4p10
      [7] H. M. Da Costa, V. D. Ramos, and M. C. Rocha, "Analysis of thermal properties and impact strength of PP/SRT, PP/EPDM and PP/SRT/EPDM mixtures in single screw extruder," Polymer Testing, vol. 25, no. 4, pp. 498-503, 2006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2006.02.003.
      [8] L. Zhang, M. Kai, and K. Liew, "Evaluation of microstructure and mechanical performance of CNT-reinforced cementitious composites at elevated temperatures," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 95, pp. 286-293, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.02.001.
      [9] T. Gong, S.-P. Peng, R.-Y. Bao, W. Yang, B.-H. Xie, and M.-B. Yang, "Low percolation threshold and balanced electrical and mechanical performances in polypropylene/carbon black composites with a continuous segregated structure," Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 99, pp. 348-357, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.06.031.
      [10] P. Vil?mov?, J. Tokarsk?, P. Peikertov?, K. M. Kutl?kov?, and T. Pla?ek, "Influence of thermal and UV treatment on the polypropylene/graphite composite," Polymer Testing, vol. 52, pp. 46-53, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2016.03.025.
      [11] X. Jiang and L. T. Drzal, "Multifunctional high density polyethylene nanocomposites produced by incorporation of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets 1: morphology and mechanical properties," Polymer composites, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1091-1098, 2010.
      [12] D. Pedrazzoli, A. Pegoretti, and K. Kalaitzidou, "Synergistic effect of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets and short glass fiber on the mechanical and interfacial properties of epoxy composites," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 98, pp. 15-21, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2014.04.019.
      [13] S. N. Alam and L. Kumar, "Mechanical properties of aluminium based metal matrix composites reinforced with graphite nanoplatelets," Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol. 667, pp. 16-32, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.054.
      [14] M. Karevan, S. Eshraghi, R. Gerhardt, S. Das, and K. Kalaitzidou, "Effect of processing method on the properties of multifunctional exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets/polyamide 12 composites," Carbon, vol. 64, pp. 122-131, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2013.07.043.
      [15] Y. Li, H. Zhang, H. Porwal, Z. Huang, E. Bilotti, and T. Peijs, "Mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of in-situ exfoliated graphene/epoxy nanocomposites," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 95, pp. 229-236, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.01.007.
      [16] F. Wang, L. T. Drzal, Y. Qin, and Z. Huang, "Enhancement of fracture toughness, mechanical and thermal properties of rubber/epoxy composites by incorporation of graphene nanoplatelets," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 87, pp. 10-22, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.04.009.
      [17] T. Rath and Y. Li, "Nanocomposites based on polystyrene-b-poly (ethylene-r-butylene)-b-polystyrene and exfoliated graphite nanoplates: effect of nanoplatelet loading on morphology and mechanical properties," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 42, no. 12, pp. 1995-2002, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.09.002.
      [18] K. Kalaitzidou, H. Fukushima, and L. T. Drzal, "A new compounding method for exfoliated graphite-polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced flexural properties and lower percolation threshold," Composites Science and Technology, vol. 67, no. 10, pp. 2045-2051, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.11.014.
      [19] S. Kim, J. Seo, and L. T. Drzal, "Improvement of electric conductivity of LLDPE based nanocomposite by paraffin coating on exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets," Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 41, no. 5, pp. 581-587, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.05.002.
      [20] M. Mantilaka, H. Pitawala, D. Karunaratne, and R. Rajapakse, "Nanocrystalline magnesium oxide from dolomite via poly (acrylate) stabilized magnesium hydroxide colloids," Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, vol. 443, pp. 201-208, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.11.020.
      [21] L. Shen, I. Y. Phang, L. Chen, T. Liu, and K. Zeng, "Nanoindentation and morphological studies on nylon 66 nanocomposites. I. Effect of clay loading," Polymer, vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 3341-3349, 2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.03.036.
      [22] A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, "Processing, Properties, and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites Based on Layer Silicates: A Review " Advances in Polymer Technology, vol. 32, no. 4, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1002/adv.21368.
      [23] J. R. Rocha, K. Z. Yang, T. Hilbig, W. Brostow, and R. Simoes, "Polymer indentation with mesoscopic molecular dynamics," Journal of Materials Research, vol. 28, no. 21, pp. 3043-3052, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2013.307.
      [24] L. Shen, I. Y. Phang, T. Liu, and K. Zeng, "Nanoindentation and morphological studies on nylon 66/organoclay nanocomposites. II. Effect of strain rate," Polymer, vol. 45, no. 24, pp. 8221-8229, 11// 2004.
      [25] Y. Geng, S. J. Wang, and J.-K. Kim, "Preparation of graphite nanoplatelets and graphene sheets," Journal of colloid and interface science, vol. 336, no. 2, pp. 592-598, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2009.04.005.
      [26] P. Song, Z. Cao, Y. Cai, L. Zhao, Z. Fang, and S. Fu, "Fabrication of exfoliated graphene-based polypropylene nanocomposites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties," Polymer, vol. 52, no. 18, pp. 4001-4010, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2011.06.045.
      [27] A. I. Alateyah, H. N. Dhakal, and Z. Y. Zhang, "Water absorption behaviour, mechanical and thermal properties of vinyl ester matrix nanocomposites based on layered silicate," Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, vol. 53, pp. 1-17, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1080/03602559.2013.844246.

    2. font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:
    3. "Times New Roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:
    4. minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;
    5. mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:KO;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA'>
    6. style='mso-element:field-end'>
  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    I. Alateyah, A. (2018). Nano indentation and morphology study of the polypropylene and high density polyethylene nanocomposites based on exfoliated graphite Nano platelets/Nano- magnesium oxide. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2), 891-896. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.10901