Impact of buffer size and TTL on DTN routing protocols in intermittently connected mobile networks

  • Authors

    • Md. Sharif Hossen Dept. of Information and Communication Technology, Comilla University, Bangladesh
    • Md. Masum Billah Dept. of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
    • Suraiya Yasmin Dept. of Computer Science and Information Technology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Bangladesh
    2018-08-21
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14122
  • Delay-Tolerant Networks, Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks, Routing, Routing Protocols, Message Replication, Simulation, Delivery Probability, Average Latency, Overhead Ratio, Opportunistic Network Environment Simulator
  • Delay-Tolerant Networks (DTNs) are kinds of networks where there does not exist any complete end-to-end route from source to destination. Such networks can also be referred to as Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks (ICMNs), which are featured by asymmetric data rates, large delay, limited resources and high error rates. In this network, size of buffer and Time-to-Live (TTL) for fixed number of nodes and message generation rates contribute to the network performance because of limited resources and short life span of a packet in the net-work. Therefore, investigating efficient routing for altering TTL and size of buffer is very important for overall network performance. This paper presents a performance analysis based on simulation of the impact of buffer size and TTL for several DTN routing protocols in ICMNs scenario. ONE, i.e., Opportunistic Network Environment is used to simulate the routing protocols considering three performance metrics: delivery ratio, mean latency and overhead ratio. Investigated results mention that Spray-and-Focus (SNF) routing exhibits the best performance for altering TTL and size of buffer than other DTN routing protocols, i.e., Epidemic, PRoPHET, PRoPHETv2, MaxProp, RAPID, and Binary-SNW in the considered performance metrics and simulation scenario.

     

  • References

    1. [1] K. Fall, “A delay-tolerant network architecture for challenged internets,†in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, Karlsruhe, Germany, Aug. 2003, pp.27−34. https://doi.org/10.1145/863955.863960.

      [2] S. Jain, K. Fall, and R. Patra, “Routing in a delay-tolerant network,†in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, Portland, USA, Oct. 2004, pp. 145–157. https://doi.org/10.1145/1015467.1015484.

      [3] C. E. Perkins, and E. M. Royer, “Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing,â€2nd IEEE Work. on Mob. Comp. Sys. and App., New Orleans, LA, USA, Feb. 1999, pp. 90−100.

      https://doi.org/10.1109/MCSA.1999.749281.

      [4] D. B. Johnson, and D. A. Maltz, “Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks,â€Mobile Com., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Feb. 1996, ch.5, pp. 153−181.

      https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-29603-6_5.

      [5] L. Pelusi, A. Passarella, and M. Conti, “Opportunistic networking: data forwarding in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks,†IEEE Comm. Mag., vol. 44, no. 11, Nov. 2006, pp. 134−141. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2006.248176.

      [6] Z. Zhang, “Routing in intermittently connected mobile ad hoc networks and delay tolerant networks: overview and challenges,†IEEE Comm. Sur. and Tut., vol. 8, no. 1, Jan. 2006, pp. 24−37. https://doi.org/10.1109/COMST.2006.323440.

      [7] J. Burgess, B. Gallagher, D. Jensen, and B. N. Levine, “Maxprop: routing for vehicle-based disruption-tolerant networks,†in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006, pp. 1−11. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2006.228.

      [8] P. Juang, H. Oki, Y. Wang, M. Martonosi, L. S. Peh, and D. Rubenstein, “Energy-efficient computing for wildlife tracking: design tradeoffs and early experiences with zebranet,†in Proc. of ACM ASPLOS, San Jose, CA, USA,Dec. 2002, pp. 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1145/605397.605408.

      [9] A. Chaintreau, P. Hui, J. Crowcroft, C. Diot, R. Gass, and J. Scott, “Impact of human mobility on opportunistic forwarding algorithms,†IEEE Tran. on Mob. Com., pp. 606−620, Jun. 2007.

      https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2007.1060.

      [10] S. Burleigh, A. Hooke, L. Torgerson, K. Fall, V. Cerf, B. Durst, K. Scott, and H. Weiss, “Delay-Tolerant Networking: An approach to interplanetary internet,†IEEE Comm. Mag, vol. 41, 2003, pp. 128−136. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2003.1204759.

      [11] J. Partan, J. Kurose, and B. N. Levine, “A survey of practical issues in underwater networks,â€1stACM Int. Works. on Underwater Net. in Con. with ACM MobiCom, Los Angeles, California, USA, Sep. 25, 2006, pp. 17−24. https://doi.org/10.1145/1347364.1347372.

      [12] G. E. Prescott, S. A. Smith, and K. Moe, “Real-time information system technology challenges for NASA’s earth science enterprise,†in Proc. of the 20th IEEE Real-Time Sys. Sym., Phoenix, AZ, USA, Dec. 1999.

      [13] J.Ott, and D. Kutscher, “A disconnection-tolerant transport for drive-thru internet environments,†in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, Miami, FL, USA, Mar. 2005, vol. 3, pp. 1849−1862. https://doi.org/10.1109/INFCOM.2005.1498464.

      [14] A. Vahdat and D. Becker, “Epidemic routing for partially connected ad hoc networks,†Tech Rep., Dept. of Computer Science, Duke University, CS-2000-06, Apr. 2000.

      [15] A. Lindgren, A. Doria, and O. Scheln, “Probabilistic routing in intermittently connected networks,†ACM Mob. Com. andComm. Rev., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 19–20, Jul. 2003.

      https://doi.org/10.1145/961268.961272.

      [16] S. Grasic, E. Davies, A. Lindgren, and A. Doria, “The evolution of a DTN routing protocol – PRoPHETv2,†in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM CHANTS, Las Vegas, Nevada, Sep. 2011, pp. 27−30. https://doi.org/10.1145/2030652.2030661.

      [17] A. Balasubramanian, B. N. Levine, and A. Venkataramani, “DTN routing as a resource allocation problem,†in Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM, Kyoto, Japan, Aug. 2007, pp. 373−384. https://doi.org/10.1145/1282380.1282422.

      [18] T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis, and C. S. Raghavendra, “Spray and wait: an efficient routing scheme for intermittently connected mobile networks,†in Proc. of ACM WDTN, Philadelphia, USA, Aug.2005, pp.252−259. https://doi.org/10.1145/1080139.1080143.

      [19] T. Spyropoulos, K. Psounis, and C. S. Raghavendra, “Spray and focus: efficient mobility-assisted routing for heterogeneous and correlated mobility,†in Proc. of IEEE PerCom, White Plains, NY, USA, Mar. 2007, pp. 79−85.

      https://doi.org/10.1109/PERCOMW.2007.108.

      [20] M. S. Hossen, M. T. Ahmed, and M. S. Rahim, “Effects of Buffer Size and Mobility Models on the Optimization of Number of Message Copies for Multi-Copy Routing Protocols in Scalable Delay-Tolerant Networks,†in Proc. of IEEE ICISET, IIUC, Bangladesh, Oct 2016.

      https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISET.2016.7856502.

      [21] M. S. Hossen, and M. S. Rahim, “Performance Evaluation of Replication-Based DTN Routing Protocols in Intermittently Connected Mobile Networks,†in Proc. of IEEE ICEEE, RUET, Nov 2015. https://doi.org/10.1109/CEEE.2015.7428229.

      [22] K. Massri, A. Vernata, and A. Vitaletti, “Routing protocols for delay tolerant networks: a quantitative evaluation,â€7thACM Work. on Per. Moni. and Meas. of Heter. Wireless and Wired Net., Paphos, Cyprus Island, Oct. 2012, pp. 107−114.

      https://doi.org/10.1145/2387191.2387207.

      [23] T. Small and Z. Haas, “Resource and performance tradeoffs in delay-tolerant wireless networks,†in Proc. of ACM WDTN, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Aug. 2005, pp. 260-267.

      https://doi.org/10.1145/1080139.1080144.

      [24] A. Chaintreau, P. Hui, J. Crowcroft, C. Diot, R. Gass, and J. Scott, “Impact of human mobility on the design of opportunistic forwarding algorithms,†in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, Barcelona, Spain, Apr. 2006.

      https://doi.org/10.1109/INFOCOM.2006.172.

      [25] A. Keränen, J. Ott, and T. Kärkkäinen, “The ONE simulator for DTN protocol evaluation,†in Proc. of 2nd Int. Conf. on Sim. Tools and Tech., Rome, Italy, Mar. 2009.

      https://doi.org/10.4108/ICST.SIMUTOOLS2009.5674.

      [26] Project page of the ONE simulator. [Online]. Available: http://www.netlab.tkk.fi/tutkimus/dtn/theone [Accessed May 2018].

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Sharif Hossen, M., Masum Billah, M., & Yasmin, S. (2018). Impact of buffer size and TTL on DTN routing protocols in intermittently connected mobile networks. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 1735-1739. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14122