A-ZHLS: adaptive ZHLS routing protocol for heterogeneous mobile adhoc networks

  • Authors

    • M V. Narayana ProfessorGuru Nanak Institutions Technical Campus
    • Aparnarajesh Atmakuri Research Scholar,VTU
    2018-08-01
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14242
  • Bypath routing, Heterogeneous Scenarios, IER, MANETS, ZHLS.

  • Abstract

    The routing protocols in MANET are mainly classified into two type’s i.e. pro-active and reactive based protocol based on its problems in the network. One of the prime and foremost issues, which have gained a lot of scope, is its dynamic nature of the networks i.e. the stability of nodes is not guaranteed in the network. Hence, this leads to loss of data packets that needs for its retransmission. Many advancements and Novel protocols have been devised in recent years for efficiency and effectiveness in the ad hoc networks. However, hybrid routing proto-cols that inculcates the nature of reactive and proactive has gained a lot of importance. ZHLS is one of the Hybrid routing protocol, and is a two tier hierarchal routing that divides the area into zones in which mobile nodes move randomly. The process of promoting ZHLS protocol is purely based on homogeneous scenarios which mean the nodes in the network are statistically identical, but there is lack of studies for heterogeneous set-up where mobile nodes act in a different way in an identical network. In this paper, we try to propose a novel approach known as “Adaptive-ZHLS: AZHLS†that can be suitable for heterogeneous scenarios. Experimental set up and simulated results will show that AZHLS provides higher packet delivery fraction as compared with the traditional one.

     

  • References

    1. [1] J.P. Macker and M.S. Corson, “Mobile ad hoc networking and the IETFâ€, ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Reviews, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 12-13, October 2000. https://doi.org/10.1145/380516.380529.

      [2] C.E. Perkins, “Ad Hoc Networkingâ€, Addison-Wesley, Boston, MA, 2001.

      [3] E.M. Royer and C.K. Toh, “A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networksâ€, IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 46-55, April 1999. https://doi.org/10.1109/98.760423.

      [4] H. Wu, C. Qiao, S. De and O. Tonguz, “Integrated cellular and ad hoc relaying systems: iCARâ€, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 19, No. 10, pp. 2105-2115, October 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/49.957326.

      [5] M. Joa Ng and I. Tai Lu, “A Peer-to-Peer Zone-Based Two Level Link State Routing for Mobile ad Hoc Networksâ€, IEEE on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 17, No. 8, 1999, pp. 1415-1425. https://doi.org/10.1109/49.779923 ...

      [6] X. Du, D. Wu, W. Liu, and Y. Fang, “Multiclass routing and medium access control for heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks,†IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 270–277, Jan. 2006. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2005.861183.

      [7] S. Yang, X. Yang, and H. Yang, “A cross-layer framework for position based routing and medium access control in heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networks,†Telecommunications Systems, vol. 42, no. 1/2, pp. 29–46, Oct. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-009-9167-8.

      [8] Wei Liu; Chi Zhang; Guoliang Yao; Yuguang Fang, “Delar: A device energy-load aware relaying framework for heterogeneous mobile Adhoc networksâ€, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 1572–1584, September 2011.

      [9] Y. Huang, X. Yang, S. Yang, W. Yu, and X. Fu, “A cross-layer approach handling link asymmetry for wireless mesh access networks,†IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 1045–1058, Mar. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2011.2106172.

      [10] Peng Zhao, Xinyu Yang, Wei Yu, and Xinwen Fu, “A Loose-Virtual-Clustering based Routing for Power Heterogeneous MANETs,†IEEE transactions on vehicular technology, vol. 62, no. 5, June 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2012.2237556.

      [11] Abolhasan, M., J. Lipman, and J. Chicharo, “A routing strategy for heterogeneous mobile ad hoc networksâ€, In Emerging Technologies: Frontiers of Mobile and Wireless Communication, 2004. Proceedings of the IEEE 6th Circuits and Systems Symposium on 2004.

      [12] W. Erik et al., “Improving routing performance in wireless ad hoc networks using cross-layer interactionsâ€, Ad Hoc Networks, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 579-599, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2006.03.003.

      [13] K. Xu, X. Hong, M. Gerla, “An Ad Hoc Network with Mobile Backbones,†Proc. of IEEE ICC 2002, New York, NY, Apr. 2002.

      [14] V. Ramasubramanian, et al., “Providing a Bidirectional Abstraction for Unidirectional Ad Hoc Networks,†Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM 2002, 2002.

      [15] P. Sinha and S. Krishnamurthy, “Scalable Unidirectional Routing with Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) Extenstions for Mobile Ad hoc Networks,†Proc. of WCNC, Chicago, Sep. 2000.

      [16] L. Bao and JJ Garcia-Luna-Aceves, “Link State Routing in Networks with Unidirectional Links,†Proc. of IEEE ICCCN 1999, Boston, MA.

      [17] A. Avudainayagam, Y. Fang, and W. Lou, “DEAR: A device and energy aware routing protocol for heterogeneous ad hoc networks,†J. Parallel Distributed Comput., vol. 63, no. 2, pp. 228–236, Feb. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0743-7315(02)00066-7.

      [18] Mehran Abol hasan, Tadeusz Wysocki, Eryk Dutkiewicz, “A review of routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networksâ€, Elsevier, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2004, pp. 23-33.

      [19] Djamel F. Hadj Sadok et al. , “On the performance of heterogeneous MANETsâ€, Wireless Networks, Springer, Vol. 21, No. 1, pp 139-160, January 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11276-014-0777-z.

      [20] Wang, J.N., Narula-Tam, A., Byan, R., “Interconnecting Heterogeneous MANET Networks at the Tactical Edgeâ€, Military Communications Conference (MILCOM), IEEE, pp. 1152-1159, Oct 2014.

      [21] M V Narayana, G Narsimha, SSVN Sarma, “Secure- ZHLS: Secure Zone Based Hierarchical Link State Routing Protocol using Digital Signatureâ€, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 10, Number 9 (2015) pp. 22927-22940.

      [22] M V Narayana, G Narsimha, SSVN Sarma, “Genetic - ZHLS Routing Protocol for Fault Tolerence and Load Balancing†Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, ISSN: 1992-8645 and E-ISSN: 1817-3195, 10 January 2016. Vol.83. No.1, pp. 72 – 80.

      [23] M V Narayana, G Narsimha, SSVN Sarma, “SHA-ZHLS: Security Enhancement in MANETs using SHA Algorithm†International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, ISSN (Online) 2278-1021 & ISSN (Print) 2319 5940, Vol. 5, Issue 2, February 2016, pp.59-65.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    V. Narayana, M., & Atmakuri, A. (2018). A-ZHLS: adaptive ZHLS routing protocol for heterogeneous mobile adhoc networks. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 1626-1630. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14242

    Received date: 2018-06-18

    Accepted date: 2018-07-16

    Published date: 2018-08-01