CFD Simulation of Automotive Pollutant Dispersion in High-Rise Building Urban Environment Under Deeply Stable Atmospheric Condition
-
2018-08-01 https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.16612
-
Air flow, atmospheric boundary layer, CFD, traffic pollution, urban environment. -
Abstract
The layer of atmosphere adjacent to the earth’s surface which is affected by friction, heat transfer and pollution from the surface is called the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). At nighttime, the earth’s surface become colder than the upper atmospheric layers. The thermal stratification with heavy cold layers close to the ground and light hot ones upwards dampens mixing currents in the atmosphere; a condition named as stable ABL. The absence of mixing at night causes the pollutants released from ground sources, such as automotive transportation, to settle in the layers close to the earth which affects human health. This research is a CFD investigation of the effect of building density on pollutant dispersion in urban areas under severe atmospheric stability condition. Three plane area densities were examined; 35, 25 and 15%. Carbon dioxide was considered as the pollutant. Large eddy simulation (LES) was utilized in the simulation. The results have proven the positive effect of building structures in dispersing pollutants. However, high building densities above 25% trap high concentrations of pollutants at the pedestrian level. The research may offer recommendations for the city planners and legislators about traffic pollution and architectural planning.
Â
Â
-
References
[1] HEI, I. State of global air 2017: a special report on global exposure to air pollution and its disease burden. 2017. . (2017)
[2] Emeis, S. (2010), Surface-based remote sensing of the atmospheric boundary layer, 40Springer Science & Business Media.
[3] Stull, R.B. (2012), An Introduction to Boundary Layer Meteorology, Springer Netherlands.
[4] Boubel, R.W., Vallero, D., Fox, D.L., Turner, B. & Stern, A.C. (2013), Fundamentals of air pollution, Elsevier.
[5] Xie, Z.-T. & Castro, I.P. (2009), Large-eddy simulation for flow and dispersion in urban streets. Atmospheric Environment 43, 2174–2185
[6] Gousseau, P., Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T. & Van Heijst, G.J.F. (2011), CFD simulation of near-field pollutant dispersion on a high-resolution grid: a case study by LES and RANS for a building group in downtown Montreal. Atmospheric Environment 45, 428–438
[7] Liu, Y.S., Cui, G.X., Wang, Z.S. & Zhang, Z.S. (2011), Large eddy simulation of wind field and pollutant dispersion in downtown Macao. Atmospheric environment 45, 2849–2859
[8] Mavroidis, I., Andronopoulos, S. & Bartzis, J.G. (2012), Computational simulation of the residence of air pollutants in the wake of a 3-dimensional cubical building. The effect of atmospheric stability. Atmospheric environment 63, 189–202
[9] Cheng, W.C., Liu, C.-H. & Leung, D.Y.C. (2009), , On the comparison of the ventilation performance of street canyons of different aspect ratios and Richardson number. , in Building Simulation, 2, pp. 53–61
[10] Hang, J., Li, Y., Sandberg, M., Buccolieri, R. & Di Sabatino, S. (2012), The influence of building height variability on pollutant dispersion and pedestrian ventilation in idealized high-rise urban areas. Building and Environment 56, 346–360
[11] Tominaga, Y. & Stathopoulos, T. (2013), CFD simulation of near-field pollutant dispersion in the urban environment: A review of current modeling techniques. Atmospheric Environment 79, 716–730
[12] Tominaga, Y. & Stathopoulos, T. (2016), Ten questions concerning modeling of near-field pollutant dispersion in the built environment. Building and Environment 105, 390–402
[13] Salim, S.M., Buccolieri, R., Chan, A. & Di Sabatino, S. (2011), Numerical simulation of atmospheric pollutant dispersion in an urban street canyon: comparison between RANS and LES. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 99, 103–113
[14] Kikumoto, H. & Ooka, R. (2012), A numerical study of air pollutant dispersion with bimolecular chemical reactions in an urban street canyon using large-eddy simulation. Atmospheric environment 54, 456–464
[15] Kim, W.-W. & Menon, S. (1995), , A new dynamic one-equation subgrid-scale model for large eddy simulations. , in 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, pp. 356
[16] Flores, F., Garreaud, R. & Muñoz, R.C. (2013), CFD simulations of turbulent buoyant atmospheric flows over complex geometry: solver development in OpenFOAM. Computers & Fluids 82, 1–13
[17] Klein, M. (2005), An attempt to assess the quality of large eddy simulations in the context of implicit filtering. Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 75, 131–147
[18] Salim, S.M., Cheah, S.C. & Chan, A. (2011), Numerical simulation of dispersion in urban street canyons with avenue-like tree plantings: comparison between RANS and LES. Building and Environment 46, 1735–1746
[19] Frank, J., Hellsten, A., Schlünzen, H. & Carissimo, B. (2007), Best practice guideline for the CFD simulation of flows in the urban environment. Inthe COST Action 732. Quality Assurance and Improvement of Meteorological Models, University of Hamburg, Meteorological Institute, Center of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
[20] Moonen, P., Dorer, V. & Carmeliet, J. (2012), Effect of flow unsteadiness on the mean wind flow pattern in an idealized urban environment. Journal of wind engineering and industrial aerodynamics 104, 389–396
[21] Qu, Y., Milliez, M., Musson-Genon, L. & Carissimo, B. (2012), Numerical study of the thermal effects of buildings on low-speed airflow taking into account 3D atmospheric radiation in urban canopy. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 104, 474–483
[22] Auger, L. & Legras, B. (2007), Chemical segregation by heterogeneous emissions. Atmospheric Environment 41, 2303–2318
[23] Nozu, T., Tamura, T., Okuda, Y. & Sanada, S. (2008), LES of the flow and building wall pressures in the center of Tokyo. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 96, 1762–1773
[24] Gu, Z.-L., Zhang, Y.-W., Cheng, Y. & Lee, S.-C. (2011), Effect of uneven building layout on air flow and pollutant dispersion in non-uniform street canyons. Building and Environment 46, 2657–2665
[25] Sun, L., Nottrott, A. & Kleissl, J. (2012), Effect of hilly urban morphology on dispersion in the urban boundary layer. Building and Environment 48, 195–205
[26] Harun, Z., Reda, E. & Zulkifli, R. (2017), , Buoyancy effect on atmospheric surface layer: measurements from the East Coast of Malaysia. , in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 822, pp. 12043
[27] Hang, J., Li, Y. & Sandberg, M. (2011), Experimental and numerical studies of flows through and within high-rise building arrays and their link to ventilation strategy. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 99, 1036–1055
-
Downloads
-
How to Cite
R. Lotfy, E., M. F. Wan Mahmood, W., Zulkifli, R., & Harun, Z. (2018). CFD Simulation of Automotive Pollutant Dispersion in High-Rise Building Urban Environment Under Deeply Stable Atmospheric Condition. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.17), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.16612Received date: 2018-07-31
Accepted date: 2018-07-31
Published date: 2018-08-01