The Significance of Delta Wave Among Athletes

  • Authors

    • Norsiah Fauzan
    • Nor Mazlina Ghazali
    2018-08-02
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16663
  • Athlete, Delta, EEG, qEEG, Sports.

  • Abstract

    This article reports on the differences between the physiological response of the brain between athletes and non-athletes by using Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG). EEG waves were observed using qEEG and analysis were compared between the two groups.  This research involved 41 undergraduates of Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). The qEEG recordings were made during the Eyes opened, Eyes Closed, and Stroop task conditions to find out the dominant wave during each of the conditions in different region of the brain. The results revealed higher EEG Delta and Beta1 at frontal region (Fp1, Fp2), somatosensory, (C3, P4) and visual spatial area (P3, P4). Delta, Beta and Gamma wave were dominant while the participants were performing the Stroop Task. Coupling of delta and beta oscillations might be due to the athletes’ anxiety during the Stroop task.  In Eyes Closed state, delta and alpha wave were dominant at the fronto-parietal attention network area. This study contributes to the development of training protocol for neurofeedback training for athletes in preparation for training of peak performance in any sports activity. It is recommended that extensive analysis should be done on the interaction of delta-gamma oscillations in different parts of the brain to find out its implication on attention and emotion during the cognitive process.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Zimmer C (2010), The Brain: Why Athletes Are Geniuses. Retrieved from,http://discovermagazine.com/2010/apr/16-the-brain-athletes-are-geniuses

      [2] Meeusen R (2014), Exercise, nutrition and the brain. Sports Medicine 44(1), 47-56.

      [3] Posner MI, Petersen SE (1990), The attention system of the human brain. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 13, 25-42.

      [4] Corbetta M, Shulman GL (2002), Control of directed and stimulus- driven attention in the brain. Nat. Rev. Neuroscience. 3, 201-215.

      [5] Fox MD, Corbetta M, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Raichle MF (2006), Spontaneous neuronalactivity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems. Proc.N Acad.Sci.USA 103, 100046-100051.

      [6] Buckner SM, Hillman CH, Castelli DM (2008), The relation of aerobic fitness to stroop task performance in preadolescent children. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 40(1), 166.

      [7] Harmony T (2013), The functional significance of delta oscillations in cognitive processing. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience V7: 83.

      [8] Fuster JM (2008), The Prefrontal Cortex 4th Ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp410

      [9] Fox MD, Corbetta M, Snyder AZ, Vincent JL, Raichle MF (2006), Spontaneous neuronalactivity distinguishes human dorsal and ventral attention systems. Proc.N Acad.Sci.USA 103, 100046-100051

      [10] Shadmehr R, Smith MA, Krakauer JW (2010), Error correction, sensory prediction, and adaptation in motor control. Annual Review of Neuroscience 33, 89-108.

      [11] Del Percio C, Brancucci A, Bergami F, Marzano N, Fiore A, Di Ciolo E, Aschieri P, Lino A, Vecchio F, Iacoboni M, Gallamini M, Babiloni C, Eusebi F (2007). Cortical alpha rhythms are correlated with body sway during quiet open-eyes standing in athletes: A high-resolution EEG study. Neuroimage 36(3), 822-829.

      [12] Fauzan N, Nazaruddin MS (2015), Brain dynamics of athletes in sports science. Journal of Scientific Research and Development 2(13), 112-116.

      [13] Nokia MS, Lensu S, Ahtiainen JP, Johansson PP, Koch LG, Britton S L, Kainulainen H (2016), Physical exercise increases adult hippocampal neurogenesis in male rats provided it is aerobic and sustained. J Physiol. 594(7), 1855-73.

      [14] Thomas AG, Dennis A, Bandettini PA, Johansen-Berg H (2012), The effects of aerobic activity on brain structure. Frontiers in Psychology 3(86), 9.

      [15] Pereira AC, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, Sosunov AA, Hen R, McKhann GM, Sloan R, Gage FH, Brown TR, Small SA (2007), An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (13), 5638-5643.

      [16] Cheron G, Petit G, Cheron J, Leroy A, Cebolla A, Cevallos C, Petieau M, Hoellinger T, Zarka D, Clarinval A-M, Dan B Dan, B. (2016). Brain oscillations in sport: Toward EEG biomarkers of performance. Frontiers in Psychology 26(7), 246.

      [17] Daou M, Lohse KR, Miller MW (2017), To take the stairs or not to take the stairs? Employing the reflective–impulsive model to predict spontaneous physical activity. Sports 5(4), 75.

      [18] Chang ECH, Chu CH, Karageorghis CI, Wang CC, Tsai JHC, Wang YS, Chang YK (2015), Relationship between mode of sport training and general cognitive performance. Journal of Sport and Health Science 6(1), 89-95.

      [19] Williams JMG, Mathews A, MacLeod C (1996), The emotional Stroop task and psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin 120(1), 3-24.

      [20] Fauzan N, Amran NH (2015), Brain waves and connectivity of autism spectrum disorders. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 171, 882-890.

      [21] Watrous AJ, Tandon N, Conner CR, Pieters T, Ekstrom AD (2013), Frequency-specific network connectivity increases underlie accurate spatiotemporal memory retrieval. Nat Neurosci 16, 349–356.

      [22] Fernández T, Harmony T, Rodríguez M, Bernal J, Silva J, Reyes A, Marosi E (1995), EEG activation patterns during the performance of tasks involving different components of mental calculation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 94(3), 175-82.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Fauzan, N., & Mazlina Ghazali, N. (2018). The Significance of Delta Wave Among Athletes. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.18), 7-10. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16663

    Received date: 2018-08-01

    Accepted date: 2018-08-01

    Published date: 2018-08-02