Characteristics Analysis of Bio-Based Silica Extracted from Sarawak Palm Oil Waste

  • Authors

    • Nur Nur Amalina Shairah Abdul Samat
    • Siti Aishah Zulkafly
    • Ummie Zulaikha Kamarul Jaman
    • Nur Syuhada Ahmad Zauzi
    • Md Rezaur Rahman
    • Rubiyah Baini
    2018-08-02
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16685
  • bio-based silica, colour, EFB, FTIR, PKS, weight

  • Abstract

    Due to high production of palm oil, surplus quantities of palm oil wastes such as empty fruit bunches (EFB) and palm kernel shells (PKS) are generated. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of EFB and PKS ashes and their respective bio-silica content when combusted at different temperatures; 400°C, 600°C and 800°C. Several tests like weight loss, colour and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis are conducted. EFB records higher weight loss compared to PKS for all combustion temperatures, thus implying less silica content compared to the later. Both wastes also show the highest weight loss at 99.20% and 98.51% respectively, when they are burnt at 800°C than those combusted at lower temperatures. This happens because more impurities evaporate at 800°C, thus resulting in greater relative amount of silica in the ash. Colour analysis shows that the whiteness of both EFB and PKS ashes are the highest when combustion occurs completely at 800°C, particularly at 71.56 and 42.40 respectively. Besides, FTIR analysis depicts distinct presence of Si-O and Si-O-Si functional groups in both EFB and PKS ashes for all temperatures. It is also shown that combustion at 400°C are insufficient to remove impurities like hydroxyl groups, CH2 components and organic compounds.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Faizul CP, Abdullah C & Fazlul B (2013), Extraction of silica from palm ash using citric acid leaching treatment : Preliminary result. Advanced Materials Research 795, 701–706.

      [2] Ben-Iwo J, Manovic V & Longhurst P (2016), Biomass resources and biofuels potential for the production of transportation fuels in Nigeria. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 63, 172–192.

      [3] Bakar RA, Yahya R & Gan SN (2016), Production of high purity amorphous silica from rice husk. Procedia Chemistry 19, 189–195.

      [4] Sarawak Energy (2016), Palm Oil Mill Effluent, Retrieved from http://www.sarawakenergy.com.my/index.php/r-d/biomass-energy/palm-oil-mill-effluent.

      [5] Majumder CB, Sharma M & Soni G (2014), A simple non-conventional method to extract amorphous silica from rice husk. Bioresource Technology.

      [6] Prasad R & Pandey M (2012), Rice husk ash as a renewable source for the production of value added silica gel and its application : An overview. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis 7 (1), 1-25.

      [7] Della VP, Kuhn I & Hotza D (2002), Rice husk ash as an alternate source for active silica production. Materials Letters 57(4), 818–821.

      [8] Mustafa Kamal M, Baini R, Mohamaddan S, Selaman OS, Ahmad Zauzi NS, Rahman MR, Abdul Rahman N, Chong KH, Atan MF & Abdul Samat NAS (2016), Effect of temperature to the properties of sago starch. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 206.

      [9] Geetha D, Ananthiand A & Ramesh PS (2016), Preparation and characterisation of silica material from rice husk ash – An economical viable method. Research & Reviews : Journal of Pure and Applied Physics 4(3), 20–26.

      [10] Patil R, Dongre R & Meshram J (2014), Preparation of silica powder from rice husk. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 26–29.

      [11] Premaratne WAPJ, Priyadarshana WMGI, Gunawardena SHP & De Alwis AAP (2013), Synthesis of nanosilica from paddy husk ash and their surface functionalization. Journal of Science University of Kelaniya 8, 33–48.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Nur Amalina Shairah Abdul Samat, N., Aishah Zulkafly, S., Zulaikha Kamarul Jaman, U., Syuhada Ahmad Zauzi, N., Rezaur Rahman, M., & Baini, R. (2018). Characteristics Analysis of Bio-Based Silica Extracted from Sarawak Palm Oil Waste. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.18), 94-96. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.18.16685

    Received date: 2018-08-02

    Accepted date: 2018-08-02

    Published date: 2018-08-02