Bio-Compatible Processing of LENSTM DepositedCo-Cr-W alloy for Medical Applications

  • Authors

    • Ganzi Suresh
    • K L Narayana
    • M Kedar Mallik
    2018-04-18
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.16734
  • LENSTM, bio-compatibility, cytotoxicity, sub chronic toxicity, medical implants, Co-Cr-W alloys.

  • Abstract

    Developing a Medicinal implants or devices is a challenging task for the researchers, right from the selection of materials, design, bio-compatibility and implantation to the host tissue. At every stage it requires proper care in processing of medical implants. In recent years the demand for medical implants had grown rapidly due to the awareness in the society. Major share of implants is used by younger people as they are active in sports, motor vehicle accidents leads to facture. Even older people also preferring to implants for ease of living. The commonly used implants are, prosthetic joints, knee replacement, dental, maxillofacial reconstructions etc.There is huge demand for the medical implants in coming years, presently a few bio-materials available for implant devices such as Ti-alloys, Stainless steel and Co-Cr-Mo alloys. There a scope to the researchers to develop a new alloy that are bio-compatible in nature and bring down the cost of the implant procedure to the needed patients. In this context additive manufacturing (AM) is an advanced manufacturing technology emerging as prominent technique in medical fields. Laser Engineered Net ShapingTM (LENS) is one such metal additive technique which provides fabrication of parts with the help of laser power, melts the powder alloy completely and builds parts layer by layer directly from the CAD model.

    In the present study, samples are fabricated from LENS process and carried the In-Vitro and In -Vivo bio-compatible tests as cytotoxicity and sub chronic toxicity to verify the toxicants release and their sustainability as the medical implants by the LENS deposited Co-Cr-W alloy samples. From the studies it is observed that the alloy samples show acceptable result. MTT assay demonstrate that cell viability is better in Osteoblast cells compared to the Fibroblast cells. Osteoblast cells show slightly more viable to the cell treatment on the samples during the experimental period. Sub chronic toxicity conclude that LENS deposited Co-Cr-W alloy is not toxic in all the rats studied herein and did not produce any toxic signs or evident symptoms. LENS deposited Co-Cr-W alloy did not cause any lethality or produce any relative body organs weight and haematological studies didn’t show adverse effects.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] U. Kamachimudali, T. M. Sridhar, and B. Raj, “Corrosion of bio implants,†Sadhana, vol. 28, no. 3–4, pp. 601–637, 2003.

      [2] Y.-H. Joung, “Development of Implantable Medical Devices: From an Engineering Perspective,†Int. Neurourol. J., vol. 17, no. 3, p. 98, 2013.

      [3] M. H. Elahinia, M. Hashemi, M. Tabesh, and S. B. Bhaduri, “Manufacturing and processing of NiTi implants: A review,†Prog. Mater. Sci., vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 911–946, 2012.

      [4] Ganzi Suresh; K L Narayana; M. Kedar Mallik; V. Srinivas; G. Jagan Reddy, “Electro Chemical Behaviour of LENSTM Deposited Co-Cr-W Alloy for Bio-Medical Applications,†pp. 41–52, 2018.

      [5] A. Dalmau, V. Guiñón Pina, F. Devesa, V. Amigó, and A. Igual Muñoz, “Influence of fabrication process on electrochemical and surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy for medical applications,†Electrochim. Acta, vol. 95, no. April, pp. 102–111, 2013.

      [6] H. Sahasrabudhe, R. Harrison, C. Carpenter, and A. Bandyopadhyay, “Stainless steel to titanium bimetallic structure using LENS???,†Addit. Manuf., vol. 5, pp. 1–8, 2015.

      [7] V. K. Balla, S. Bodhak, S. Bose, and A. Bandyopadhyay, “Porous tantalum structures for bone implants: Fabrication, mechanical and in vitro biological properties,†Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 3349–3359, 2010.

      [8] G. Suresh and K. L. Narayana, “3D Printing: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice,†in 3D Printing, IGI Global, 2016, pp. 1–21.

      [9] G. Suresh and K. L. Narayana, “A Review on Fabricating Procedures in Rapid Prototyping,†Int. J. Manuf. Mater. Mech. Eng., vol. 6, no. 2, 2016.

      [10] F. P. W. Melchels, J. Feijen, and D. W. Grijpma, “A review on stereolithography and its applications in biomedical engineering,†Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 24, pp. 6121–6130, 2010.

      [11] M. Montero, S. Roundy, and D. Odell, “Material characterization of fused deposition modeling (FDM) ABS by designed experiments,†Proc. Rapid Prototyp. Manuf. Conf., pp. 1–21, 2001.

      [12] Q. Wei et al., “Selective laser melting of stainless-steel/nano-hydroxyapatite composites for medical applications: Microstructure, element distribution, crack and mechanical properties,†J. Mater. Process. Technol., vol. 222, pp. 444–453, 2015.

      [13] M. L. Griffith et al., “Free Form Fabrication of Metallic Components Using Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS),†Proc. 7th Solid Free. Fabr. Symp., pp. 125–132, 1996.

      [14] T. Traini, C. Mangano, R. L. Sammons, F. Mangano, A. Macchi, and A. Piattelli, “Direct laser metal sintering as a new approach to fabrication of an isoelastic functionally graded material for manufacture of porous titanium dental implants,†Dent. Mater., vol. 24, no. 11, pp. 1525–1533, 2008.

      [15] G. Suresh, K. L. Narayana, and M. K. Mallik, “A Review on Development of Medical Implants by Rapid PrototypingTechnology,†Int. J. Pure Appl. Math., vol. 117, no. 21, pp. 257–276, 2017.

      [16] G. Suresh, K. L. Narayana, and M. K. Mallik, “Laser engineered net shaping process in development of bio-compatible implants: An overview,†J. Adv. Res. Dyn. Control Syst., vol. 9, no. Special Issue 14, 2017.

      [17] A. Bandyopadhyay, B. V. Krishna, W. Xue, and S. Bose, “Application of Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) to manufacture porous and functionally graded structures for load bearing implants,†J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., vol. 20, no. SUPPL. 1, 2009.

      [18] F. A. España, V. K. Balla, S. Bose, and A. Bandyopadhyay, “Design and fabrication of CoCrMo alloy based novel structures for load bearing implants using laser engineered net shaping,†Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 50–57, 2010.

      [19] A. Bandyopadhyay, F. Espana, V. K. Balla, S. Bose, and N. M. Davies, “Influence of Porosity on Mechanical Properties and In vivo Response of Ti6Al4V Implants,†Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1640–1648, 2011.

      [20] Ganzi Suresh; K L Narayana; M. Kedar Mallik; V. Srinivas; G. Jagan Reddy, “Processing & Characterization of LENSTM Deposited Co-Cr-W Alloy for Bio-Medical Applications,†2018.

      [21] Ganzi Suresh; K L Narayana; M. Kedar Mallik; V. Srinivas; G. Jagan Reddy, “Electro Chemical Behaviour of LENSTM Deposited Co-Cr-W Alloy for Bio-Medical Applications,†2018.

      [22] N. B. Vu et al., “In vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy and UHMWPE polymer for total hip replacement,†Biomed. Res. Ther., vol. 3, no. 3, p. 14, 2016.

      [23] K. Y. Ping, I. Darah, Y. Chen, S. Sreeramanan, and S. Sasidharan, “Acute and Subchronic Toxicity Study of Euphorbia hirta L . Methanol Extract in Rats,†vol. 2013, 2013.

      [24] K. O. M. Yoshinari, Y. Oda, T. Kato, “Potential Antimicrobial Effects of Gatifloxacin on Periodontopathic Bacteria in Vitro,†J. Biomed. Mater. Res., vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 388–394, 2000.

      [25] National Research Council (NRC), “Toxicity testing for assessing environmental agents,†InterimReport,NationalAcademies Press,Washington, DC, USA, 2006. .

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Suresh, G., L Narayana, K., & Kedar Mallik, M. (2018). Bio-Compatible Processing of LENSTM DepositedCo-Cr-W alloy for Medical Applications. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.20), 362-366. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.20.16734

    Received date: 2018-08-03

    Accepted date: 2018-08-03

    Published date: 2018-04-18