Temporal Variation of Coastal Groundwater Quality in East Coast of Terengganu, Malaysia

  • Authors

    • Norsyuhada Hairoma
    • Muhammad Barzani Gasim
    • Mohd Ekhwan Toriman
    • Hafizan Juahir
    • Azman Azid
    • Mohammed Hatta Abd Karim
    • Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin
    • Mazlin Mokhtar
    • Rahmah Elfitri
    2018-07-25
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16876
  • Coastal groundwater, Terengganu, saltwater, HFE-D, piper diagram.

  • Abstract

    Coastal groundwater is extremely vulnerable to saltwater contamination. This study was conducted to investigate the potential contamination of saltwater into coastal groundwater temporally. Data was obtained from PT000017 monitoring well from 2006 to 2012. Nine parameters of water quality were involved for data analyses. Two main diagrams used for data analyses are piper diagram and hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-D). All parameters were plotted to produce a piper diagram that determine the water type between different seasons. During wet season, groundwater samples are located in domain III that represent mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water type; 2007 groundwater sample was located in domain I, represent Ca-HCO3 water type and during 2008 groundwater sample was located in domain II, represent Na-Cl water type. During dry season, groundwater samples are located in domain II that represent mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 water type meanwhile, 2009 and 2011 groundwater samples are located in domain I, represent Ca-HCO3 water type. Subsequently, HFE-D diagram was produced to determine the evolution process of salinization or freshening of coastal groundwater. In this study, all of groundwater samples were in freshening stage except during dry season 2007 groundwater sample was in the phase of saltwater intrusion.

  • References

    1. [1] Rosli, N. A., Zawawi M. H., & Bustami, R. A. (2011). Salak river water quality identification and classification according to physic-chemical characteristics. Proceeding Engineering, 50, 69-77.

      [2] Werner, A. D., Bakker, M., Post, V. E. A., Vandenbohede, A., Lu, C., Ataie-ashtiani, B., Simmons, C. T., & Barry, D. A. (2013). Seawater intrusion processes, investigation and management: Recent advances and future challenges. Advances in Water Resources, 51, 3–26.

      [3] Priyanka, B. N., & Mahesha, A. (2015). Parametric Studies on Saltwater Intrusion into Coastal Aquifers for Anticipate Sea Level Rise. Aquatic Procedia, 4, 103–108.

      [4] Muhd. Barzani Gasim, Azman Azid, Norsyuhada Hairoma, Nadzifah Yaakub, Haniff Muhamad, Fazureen Azaman and Noorjima Abdul Wahab. 2017. Study on Selected Parameters of Groundwater Quality Based on Different Tides, East Coast of Terengganu, Malaysia. Asian Journal of Applied Sciences 10 (1), 18-24

      [5] M.B. Gasim, H. Juahir, A.Azid, M.K.A. Kamarudin, A.R. Hassan, N. Hairoma, Sokono, B. Subartini, P.P. Damayanti and S. Supian. 2018. Potential of Sea Level Rise Impact on South China Sea: Prelimanary Study in Terengganu, Malaysia. J.Fundam.Appl.Scie 10 (1S), 156-168.

      [6] Mollema P. N., Antonellini M., Dinelli E., Gabbianelli G., Greggio N., & Stuyfzand P. J. (2013). Hydrochemical and physcical processes influencing salinization and freshing in Mediterranean low- lying coastal environments. Applied Geochemical, 34, 207-221.

      [7] Bouzourra H., Ra B., Elango L., Slama F., & Ouslati N. (2014). Characterization of mechanisms and processes of groundwater salinization in irrigated coastal area using statistics, GIS, and hydrogeochemical investigations. Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

      [8] Amiri, V., Nakhaei, M., Lak, R., & Kholghi, M. (2015). Assessment of seasonal groundwater quality and potential saltwater intrusion: a study case in Urmia coastal aquifer (NW Iran) using the groundwater quality index (GQI) and hydrochemical facies evolution diagram (HFE-D). Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment, 1–12.

      [9] Khan, A. E., Ireson, A., Kovats, S., Mojumder, S. K., Khusru, A., Rahman, A., & Vineis, P. (2011). Drinking water salinity and maternal health in coastal Bangladesh: Implications of climate change. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119, 1328–1332.

      [10] Gibbs M. S., Dandy G. C., & Maier H. R. (2013). Assessment of the ability to meet environmental water requirements in the Upper South East of South Australia. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment.

      [11] Azid, A., Juahir, H., Toriman, M. E., Kamarudin, M. K. A., & Gasim, M. B. (2015). Coastal erosion measurement along Tanjung Lumpur to Cherok Paloh, Pahang during the northeast monsoon season. Jurnal Teknologi, 74(1), 27-34

      [12] Toriman, M. E., Gasim, M. B., Ariffin, N. H., Muhamad, H., & Hairoma, N. (2015). The Influence of Tidal Activities on Hydrologic Variables of Marang River, Terengganu, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 19(5), 1099–1108

      [13] Gasim, M. B., Toriman, M. E. H., Abas, A., Islam, M., & Tan, C. C. (2008). Water quality of several feeder rivers between two seasons in Tasik Chini, Pahang. Sains Malaysiana, 37(4), 313-321

      [14] Piper, A.M. (1944). A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water- analyses. Transactions - American Geophysical Union, 25, 914–923.

      [15] Güler, C., Thyne, G.D., McCray, J.E., & Turner, A.K. (2002). Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data. Hydrogeological Journal, 10, 455–474.

      [16] Iranmanesh, A., Locke II, R. A., & Wimmer, B. T. (2014). Multivariate Statistical Evaluation of Groundwater Compliance Data from the Illinois Basin – Decatur Project. Energy Procedia, 63, 3182–3194.

      [17] Magyar, N., Hatvani, I. G., Székely, I. K., Herzig, A., Dinka, M., & Kovács, J. (2013). Application of multivariate statistical methods in determining spatial changes in water quality in the Austrian part of Neusiedler See. Ecological Engineering, 55, 82–92.

      [18] Prasanna, M. V., Chidambaram, S., & Srinivasamoorthy, K. (2010). Statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in hard and sedimentary aquifers system of Gadilam river basin, South India. Journal of King Saud University - Science, 22, 133–145.

      [19] Subramani T., Elango L., & Damodarasamy S. (2005). Groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in Chithar River Basin, Tamil Nadu, India. Environmental Geology, 47(8), 1099– 1110.

      [20] Prasanth S. S., Magesh N., Jitheshlal K., Chandrasekar N., & Gangadhar K. (2012). Evaluation of groundwater quality and its suitability for drinking and agricultural use in the coastal stretch of Alappuzha District, Kerala, India. Applied Water Science, 2(3), 165–175.

      [21] Giménez-Forcada, E. (2010). Dynamic of Sea Water Interface using Hydrochemical Facies Evolution Diagram (Vol. 48). Spain..x

      [22] Giménezâ€Forcada, E. Sánchez San Román, F.J. (2014). An Excel Macro to plot the HFEâ€Diagram to identify seawater intrusion phases. Groundwater 2014.

      [23] Appelo, C.A.J., & Postma, D. (2006). Geochemistry, Groundwater and Pollution, 2nd ed. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Hairoma, N., Barzani Gasim, M., Ekhwan Toriman, M., Juahir, H., Azid, A., Hatta Abd Karim, M., Khairul Amri Kamarudin, M., Mokhtar, M., & Elfitri, R. (2018). Temporal Variation of Coastal Groundwater Quality in East Coast of Terengganu, Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.14), 151-154. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.16876

    Received date: 2018-08-05

    Accepted date: 2018-08-05

    Published date: 2018-07-25