End-of-Life Product Recovery Chain Planning and Future Research Needs

  • Authors

    • Nurhasyimah Mohamad-Ali
    • Raja Ariffin Raja Ghazilla
    • Salwa Hanim Abdul-Rashid
    • Novita Sakundarini
    • Aznijar Ahmad-Yazid
    • Lydyaty Stephenie
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.17378
  • Automotive, Conceptual model, End-of-life vehicle management, Extended producer responsibility, Malaysia.

  • Abstract

    Nowadays, there is a significant increase in the productivity of the automotive industry with a variety of vehicle types and models being produced constantly. This in turn, leads to problems with end-of-life vehicle (ELV) management. Even though ELV management occurs at the end of the vehicle life cycle, the design stage plays a pivotal role to ensure the effectiveness of ELV management. Although the relevant parties involved strive to manage and improve ELV recovery by careful design planning using various modelling tools, there are still several issues that need to be addressed such as development of a reliable recovery infrastructure, implementation of ELV recovery policies as well as extended producer responsibility issues. In addition, there is a need for information sharing and collaboration from all stakeholders in the ELV recovery chain due to the fact that many factors are interrelated and subjected to dynamic changes. For this reason, predicting how end-of-life (EOL) strategies affects the effectiveness of ELV recovery is an arduous task, particularly in an export-dependent nation such as Malaysia. In this study, we propose a model that offers a more holistic view of ELV recovery in Malaysia using the system dynamics approach. Our model is developed based on the current scenario of the automotive industry in Malaysia. We believe that our model will facilitate product designers in incorporating EOL strategies during the early stages of product design and development.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] EEC. 1975. Council Directive 75/442/EEC of 15 July 1975 on waste. OJ L 194.

      [2] EC. 2000. Directive 2000/53/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on end-of life vehicles. Commission Statements.

      [3] Fiore S., Ruffino B. and Zanetti M. 2012. Automobile shredder residues in Italy: characterization and valorization opportunities. Waste Management 32: 1548-1559.

      [4] USAID. 2015. Remanufacturing in Malaysia - an assessment of the current and future remanufacturing industry. Clark: APEC.

      [5] Georgiadis P. and Besiou M. 2008. Sustainability in electrical and electronic equipment closed-loop supply chains: a system dynamics approach. Cleaner Production 16: 1665–1678.

      [6] Ghazilla R. A., Sakundarini N., Abdul-Rashid S. H., Ayub N. S, and Olugu E. U. 2015b. Drivers and barriers analysis for green manufacturing practices in Malaysian SMEs: a preliminary findings. Procedia CIRP 26. pp. 658-663.

      [7] Amelia L., Wahab D., Haron C. C., Muhamad N. and Azhari C. 2009. Initiating automotive component reuse in Malaysia. Journal of Cleaner Production 17: 1572–1579.

      [8] Kumar V. and Sutherland J. 2009. Development and assessment of strategies to ensure economic sustainability of the U.S. automotive recovery infrastructure. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53: 470–477.

      [9] Graedel T. and Allenby B. 2003. Industrial ecology 2nd Ed. Pearson Education Inc. New Jersey.

      [10] Ishii K., Eubanks C. F. and Marco P. D. 1994. Design for product retirement and material life-cycle. Materials & Design 15(4): 225-233.

      [11] Ishii K., and Lee B. 1995. Reverse fishbone diagram: a tool in aid of design for product retirement. ASME Design Technical Conference.

      [12] Rose C. M., Beiter K. A., Ishii K., and Masui K. 1998. Characterization of product end-of-life strategies to enhance recyclability. ASME Design for Manufacturing Symposium. pp. 1-9. Atlanta: ASME.

      [13] Umeda Y. 1999. Key design elements for the inverse manufacturing. Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. IEEE.

      [14] Ferrao P. and Amaral J. 2006. Design for recycling in the automobile industry: new approaches and new tools. Journal of Engineering Design 17(5): 447–462.

      [15] Gray C. and Charter M. 2007. Remanufacturing and product design designing for the 7th generation. England.

      [16] Fiksel J. 2012). Design for environment a guide to sustainable product development. Mc Graw Hill. New York.

      [17] Afrinaldi F., Saman M. Z. and Shaharoun A. M. 2013. A new methodology for integration of end-of-life option determination and disassemblability Analysis. In I. S. Jawahir and S. K. Sikdar, Treatise on sustainability science and engineering. Springer London. pp. 31-49.

      [18] Jin T.M. C. 2014. Sustainable design for automotive products: dismantling and recycling of end-of-life vehicles. Waste Management 34(2): 458–467.

      [19] Kishita Y., Hara K., Uwasu M. and Umeda Y. 2015. Research needs and challenges faced in supporting scenario design in sustainability science: a literature review. Sustainable Science 11(2): 331-347.

      [20] Jin Tian, M. C. 2016. Assessing the economics of processing end-of-life vehicles through manual dismantling. Waste Management 56: 384–395.

      [21] Belboom S., Lewis G., Bareel P. F. and Léonard A. 2016. Life cycle assessment of hybrid vehicles recycling: comparison of three business lines of dismantling. Waste Management 50: 184–193.

      [22] Hassan M. F., Saman M. Z., Sharif S. and Omar B. 2016. Sustainability evaluation of alternative part configurations in product design: weighted decision matrix and artificial neural network approach. Clean Techn Environ Policy 18(1): 63–79.

      [23] Sabaghi M., Mascle, C. and Baptiste P. 2016. Evaluation of products at design phase for an efficient disassembly at end-of-life. Journal of Cleaner Production 116: 177-186.

      [24] Ameli M., Mansour S. and Ahmadi-Javid A. 2016. A multi-objective model for selecting design alternatives and end-of-life options under uncertainty: a sustainable approach. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 109: 123–136.

      [25] Peeters J. R., Vanegas P., Dewulf W. and Duflou J. R. 2017. Economic and environmental evaluation of design for active disassembly. Journal of Cleaner Production 140: 1182-1193.

      [26] Cong L., Zhao F. and Sutherland J. W. 2017. Integration of dismantling operations into a value recovery plan for circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 149: 378-386.

      [27] Hu S. and Wen Z. 2017. Monetary evaluation of end-of-life vehicle treatment from a social perspective for different scenarios in China. Journal of Cleaner Production 159: 257-270.

      [28] Polat O., Capraz O. and Gungor A. 2018. Modelling of WEEE recycling operation planning under uncertainty. Journal of Cleaner Production 180: 769-779.

      [29] Nowakowski P. 2018. A novel, cost efficient identification method for disassembly planning of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 2695-2707.

      [30] Ferrer G. and Whybark D. C. 2001. Communicating product recovery activities processes, objectives and performance measures. In C. N. Madu. Handbook of Environmentally Conscious Manufacturing. Kluwer Academic Publishers. London. pp. 81-99.

      [31] Jawahir I., O.W. Dillon J., Rouch K., Joshi K. J., Venkatachalam A. and Jaafar I. H. 2006. Total life-cycle considerations in product design for sustainability: a framework for comprehensive evaluation. International Research/Expert Conference pp. 1-10. Barcelona-Lloret de Mar: International Research/Expert.

      [32] Amezquita T., Hammond R., Salazar M. and Bras B. 1995. Characterizing the remanufacturability of Engineering Systems. Proceedings 1995 ASME Advances in Design Automation. 82. pp. 271-278. Boston: The Pennsylvania State University.

      [33] Ijomah W. L., Bennett D. J. and Pearce, J. 1999. Remanufacturing: evidence of environmentally conscious business practice in the UK. EcoDesign '99: First International Symposium On Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing pp. 192-196. Tokyo: IEEE Computer Society Piscataway NJ.

      [34] Ilgin M. A., Gupta S. M. and Battaïa O. 2015. Use of MCDM techniques in environmentally conscious manufacturing and product recovery: state of the art. Journal of Manufacturing Systems 37: 746–758.

      [35] Lee H. M., Gay R., Lu W. F. and Song B. 2006. The framework of information sharing in end-of-life for sustainable product development. Industrial Informatics. pp. 73-78. Singapore: IEEE.

      [36] Tani T. (1999). Product development and recycle system for closed substance cycle society. Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing 1999. Proceedings. EcoDesign '99: First International Symposium. On pp. 1-6. IEEE.

      [37] Sakao T. 2007. A QFD-centred design methodology for environmental concious product design. International Journal of Production Research 45(18-19): 4143-4162.

      [38] Sakundarini, Novita, Zahari Taha, Raja Ariffin Raja Ghazilla, and Salwa Hanim Abdul-Rashid. 2015. A methodology for optimizing modular design considering product end of life strategies. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing Springer. 16 (11): 2359-2367.

      [39] Ene S. and Öztürk N. 2015. Network modeling for reverse flows of end-of-life vehicles. Waste Management. 38: 284–296.

      [40] Amato A., Rocchetti L. and Beolchini F. 2017. Environmental impact assessment of different end-of-life LCD management strategies. Waste Management 59: 432–441.

      [41] Abdul-Rashid S. H., Sakundarini N., Ghazilla R. A. and Thurasamy R. 2017. The impact of sustainable manufacturing practices on sustainability performance: empirical evidence from Malaysia. International Journal of Operations & Production Management 37(2): 182-204.

      [42] Shankar R., Bhattacharyya S. and Choudhary A. 2018. A decision model for a strategic closed-loop supply chain to reclaim end-of-life vehicles. International Journal of Production Economics 195: 273–286.

      [43] Ma J. and Kremer G. E. 2015. A fuzzy logic-based approach to determine product component end-of-life option from the views of sustainability and designer's perception. Cleaner Production 108: 289-300.

      [44] Nowakowski P. 2013. Reuse of automotive components from dismantled end of life vehicles. Transport Problems 8(4): 17-25.

      [45] Go T., Wahab D., Rahman M., Ramli R. and Hussain A. 2012. Genetically optimised disassembly sequence for automotive component reuse. Expert Systems with Applications 39: 5409–5417.

      [46] Gerrard J. and Kandlikar M. 2007. Is European end-of-life vehicle legislation living up to expectations? Assessing the impact of the ELV Directive on ‘green’ innovation and vehicle recovery. Journal of Cleaner Production 15: 17-27.

      [47] Wu C. H. 2012. Price and service competition between new and remanufactured products in a two-echelon supply chain. Int. J. Production Economics 140: 496–507.

      [48] Chen J. M., and Chang, C. I. 2012. The co-opetitive strategy of a closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing. Transportation Research 48: 387–400.

      [49] Zhang T., Chu J., Wang X., Liu X. and Cui P. 2011. Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 55(6): 613–622.

      [50] Remery M., Mascle C. and Agard B. 2012. A new method for evaluating the best product end-of-life strategy during the early design phase. Journal of Engineering Design 23(6): 419-441.

      [51] Guide V. D. 2000. Production planning and control for remanufacturing: industry practice and research needs. Journal of Operations Management 18: 467–483.

      [52] Ziout A. and A. Azab A. M. A. 2014. A holistic approach for decision on selection of end-of-life products recovery options. Journal of Cleaner Production 65: 497-516.

      [53] Kafuku J. M., Saman M. Z., Yusof S. M., and Mahmood S. 2016. A holistic framework for evaluation and selection of remanufacturing operations: an approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 87: 1571–1584.

      [54] Ahmed S., Ahmed S., Shumon M. R., Quader M. A., Cho H. M. and Mahmud M. I. 2015. Prioritizing strategies for sustainable end-of-life vehicle management using combinatorial multi-criteria decision making method. International Journal of Fuzzy Systems 18(3): 448-462.

      [55] Sakundarini N., Taha Z., Abdul-Rashid S. H. and Ghazila R. A. 2013. Optimal multi-material selection for lightweight design of automotive body assembly incorporating recyclability. Materials and Design 50: 846–857.

      [56] Ghadimi P., Azadnia A. H., Yusof N. M. and Saman, M. Z. 2012. A weighted fuzzy approach for product sustainability assessment: a case study in automotive industry. Journal of Cleaner Production 33: 10-21.

      [57] Halabi E. E. and Doolan M. 2012. Causal loops in automative recycling. International Society for the Systems Sciences. pp. 1-16. California: Creative Commons Attribution.

      [58] Simic V. and Dimitrijevic B. 2013. Modelling of automobile shredder residue recycling in the Japanese legislative context. Expert Systems with Applications 40: 7159–7167.

      [59] Bandivadekar A. P., Kumar V., Gunter K. L. and Sutherland J. W. 2004. A model for material flows and economic exchanges within the U.S. automotive life cycle chain. Journal of Manufacturing Systems 23(1): 22-29.

      [60] PROTON. 2017. History. Retrieved February 24, 2017, from Welcome to Proton: http://corporate.proton.com

      [61] PERODUA. 2014. About me. Retrieved February 24, 2017, from Perodua Malaysia: http://www.peroduamalaysia.com.my.

      [62] MAA. 2018. Malaysia Automative Info. Retrieved February 24, 2018, from http://www.maa.org.my.

      [63] Mamat T. N., Saman M. Z. and Sharif S. 2014. The need of end-of-life vehicles management system in Malaysia. Advanced Materials Research 845: 505-509.

      [64] MAARA. 2015. Automotive recycling transformation through 4Rs. Malacca: Malaysia Automotive Recyclers Association.

      [65] Yusop N., Wahab D. and Saibani N. 2016. Realising the automotive remanufacturing roadmap in Malaysia: challenges and the way forward. Journal of Cleaner Production 112: 1910-1919.

      [66] Azmi M., Saman M. Z.and Sharif S. 2013. Proposed framework for end-of-life vehicle recycling system implementation in Malaysia. Global Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing. pp. 187-193. Berlin: Universitätsverlag der TU.

      [67] Taha Z., Sakundarini N., Ghazila R. A. and Gonzales J. 2010. Eco design in Malaysian industries: challenges and opportunities. Journal of Applied Sciences Research 6(12): 2143-2150.

      [68] MAI. 2014. Malaysia Automotive Institute. Retrieved February 22, 2017, from http://www.mai.org.my.

      [69] MAI. 2017, January 20. 4R2S industry standards. Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia.

      [70] MAI. 2016a. Code of practice for motor vehicle aftermarket: Repair, Reuse, Recycle and Remanufacture (4R) for parts and components. Cyberjaya: Malaysia Automotive Institute and SIRIM Berhad.

      [71] MAI. 2016b. Code of practice for motor vehicle aftermarket - Service and Spare (replacement) parts (2S). Cyberjaya: Malaysia Automotive Institute and SIRIM Berhad.

      [72] Giudice F. and Fargione G. 2007. Disassembly planning of mechanical systems for service and recovery: a genetic algorithms based approach. Intell Manufacturing. 18: 313–329.

      [73] Taha Z., Sakundarini N., Abdul-Rashid S. H., Gonzales J. and Ghazila R. A. 2011. Multi-objective optimization for high recyclability material selection using genetic algorithm. International Conference on IML. pp. 1-7.

      [74] Jun H. B., Cusin M., Kiritsis D. and Xirouchakis P. 2007. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for EOL product recovery optimization: turbocharger case study. International Journal of Production Research 45(18–19): 4573–4594.

      [75] Demirel E., Demirel N. and G€okçen, H. 2016. A mixed integer linear programming model to optimize reverse logistics activities of end-of-life vehicles in Turkey. Journal of Cleaner Production 112: 2101-2113.

      [76] Simic V. and Dimitrijevic B. 2016. Interval-parameter chance-constraint programming model for end-of-life vehicles management under rigorous environmental regulations. Waste Management 52: 1-13.

      [77] Li W., Bai H. and Xu H. 2016. Life cycle assessment of end-of-life vehicle recycling processes in China take Corolla taxis for example. Journal of Cleaner Production 117: 176-187.

      [78] Eddy D. C., Krishnamurty S., Grosse I. R., C.Wileden, J. and Lewis K. E. 2013. Analysis method for the sustainability-based design of products. Journal of Engineering Design 24(5): 342–362.

      [79] Bovea M. D. and Wang B. 2007. Redesign methodology for developing environmentally conscious products. International Journal of Production 45(18–19): 4057–4072.

      [80] Wang Y., Chang X., Chen Z., Zhong Y. and Fan T. 2014. Impact of subsidy policies on recycling and remanufacturing using system dynamics methodology: a case of auto parts in China. Cleaner Production 74: 161-171.

      [81] Bhattacharjee S. and Cruz J. 2015. Economic sustainability of closed loop supply chains: a holistic model for decision and policy analysis. Decision Support Systems 77: 67–86.

      [82] Kumar S. and Yamaoka T. 2007. System dynamics study of the Japanese automotive industry closed loop supply chain. Manufacturing Technology Management 18(2): 115-138.

      [83] Nwe E. S., Adhitya A., Halim I. and Srinivasan R. 2010. Green supply chain design and operation by integrating LCA and dynamic simulation. 20th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. pp. 109-114. Naples: Elsevier .

      [84] Sterman J. D. 2000. Business Dynamics System Thinking and Modelling for a Complex World. McGraw-Hill. Boston Burr Ridge.

      [85] Inghels D., Dullaert W., Raa B. and Walther G. 2016. Influence of composition, amount and life span of passenger cars on end-of-life vehicles waste in Belgium: a system dynamics approach. Transportation Research Part A. 91: 80–104.

      [86] Cosenz F. 2017. Supporting start-up business model design through system dynamics modelling. Management Decision 55(1): 1-25.

      [87] Cosenz F. and Noto G. 2017. A dynamic business modelling approach to design and experiment new business venture strategies. Long Range Planning, 1-4.

      [88] Schmidt W. P. and Taylor A. 2006. Ford of Europe’s Product Sustainability Index. 13th International Conference on Life Cycle Engineering. pp. 5-10. CIRP.

      [89] Rosenau-Tornow D., Buchholz P. and Wagner M. 2009, Assessing the long-term supply risks for mineral raw materials—a combined evaluation of past and future trends. Resources Policy 34(4): 161–175.

      [90] Poles R. 2010. System dynamics modelling of closed loop supply chain systems for evaluating system improvement. Unpublished Thesis, RMIT University, Business Information Technology and Logistics.

      [91] Atasu A. and Boyaci T. 2010. Take-back legislation and its impact on closed-loop supply chains. In J. J. Cochran. Wiley Encyclopedia of Operations Research and Management Science. pp. 1-10. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New Jersey.

      [92] Manomaivibool P. (2008). Network management and environmental effectiveness: the management of end-of-life vehicles in the United Kingdom and in Sweden. Journal of Cleaner Production 16: 2006-2017.

      [93] Veleva V. and Ellenbecker M. 2001. Indicators of sustainable production: framework and methodology. Cleaner Production. 9: 519–549.

      [94] Fonseca A. S., Nunes M. I., Matos M. A. and Gomes A. P. 2013. Environmental impacts of end-of-life vehicles’ management: recovery versus elimination. Int J Life Cycle Assess 18(1): 374–1385.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Mohamad-Ali, N., Ariffin Raja Ghazilla, R., Hanim Abdul-Rashid, S., Sakundarini, N., Ahmad-Yazid, A., & Stephenie, L. (2018). End-of-Life Product Recovery Chain Planning and Future Research Needs. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.17), 163-170. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.17.17378

    Received date: 2018-08-11

    Accepted date: 2018-08-11