Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Silicone Rubber Based Composite for High Voltage Insulator Application

  • Authors

    • Najwa Kamarudin
    • Jeefferie Abd Razak
    • Noraiham Mohamad
    • Nurbahirah Norddin
    • Aminuddin Aman
    • Mohd Muzafar Ismail
    • Ramli Junid
    • Tony Chew
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.25.17729
  • Electrical Properties, High Voltage, Mechanical Properties, Silicone Rubber, Wollastonite

  • Abstract

    The silicone rubber (SiR) based composites has grown increasing demand in high voltage insulation application due to their exceptional ability in tackling drawbacks of existing ceramic types insulator. This paper showcase the experimental findings to understand the mechanical and electrical behavior of silicone rubber filled with various types of mineral fillers (SiO2, CaCO3, and CaSiO3) specifically for high voltage insulator application. The properties variation for both mechanical and electrical attributes were analysed throughmechanical tensile testing and surface resistivity testing. Addition of mineral fillers into silicone rubber at different weight percentages (5, 10, 20, 30, 40) wt.% had caused that, as filler loading increased, the mechanical tensile performance was significantly decreased. This is due to weak reinforcing action and gap formation which found between fillers and rubber macromolecules that cause weaker cohesion between the rubber-filler components. While the value of surface resistivity is found to increase as the filler loading increased. Integration of silicone rubber with mineral fillers has resulted in no improvement of mechanical properties, but having a good surface resistivity. This interesting phenomenon was further explained by the fracture morphology evaluation via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observation. From these preliminary studies, it can be concluded that, for SiR based composite system, the resulted mechanical properties and electrical properties are not interconnected between each other and both attributes are stand alone with regards to the effect of filler loading for various mineral filler types.

     

  • References

    1. [1] Ahmed K. Reinforcement of natural rubber hybrid composites based on marble sludge / Silica and marble sludge / rice husk derived silica. J Adv Res [Internet]. 2014;5(2):165–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2013.01.008

      [2] Thoo VWF, Zainuddin N, Matori KA, Abdullah SA. Studies on the Potential of Waste Soda Lime Silica Glass in Glass Ionomer Cement Production. 2013;2013.

      [3] Al-zubaidi AB, Abass RU, Al-tabbakh AA. Mechanical and thermal properties of cockles shell cementing material. Iraqi J Phys. 2015;13(26):107–11.

      [4] Bernstorf RA, Ryan D. Silicone Compounds for High-Voltage Insulators : Compounding Silicone Rubber. Hubbel Power Syst Inc. 2007;1–8.

      [5] R. Allen Bernstorf, Niedermier RK, David. S. Winkler. Polymer Compounds Used In High Voltage Insulators. Hubbell Power Syst Ohio Brass Co [Internet]. 2000;12. Available from: http://linemansafestart.com/literature/insulators/EU1407.pdf

      [6] Thong-Om S, Payakcho W. Comparison of Ageing Deterioration of Silicone Rubber Housing Material for Outdoor Polymer Insulators. Int Sch Sci Res Innov [Internet]. 2011;5(12):1812–9. Available from: http://www.waset.org/publications/664

      [7] Goudie J. Silicone rubber for electrical insulators. Rubber Technol Int. 1998;22–5.

      [8] Aman A, Yaacob MM, Alsaedi MA, Ibrahim KA. Polymeric composite based on waste material for high voltage outdoor application. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst [Internet]. 2013;45(1):346–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.09.004%5Cnhttp://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0142061512005340

      [9] Thadei A, Kyaruzi A. Surface Resistivity of Silicone Rubber Formulations Tested in Room Ambient Conditions : The case of silicone rubber formulations with and without filler materials. 2008;25–7.

      [10] Bruce GP, Rowland SM, Krivda A. Performance of silicone rubber in DC inclined plane tracking tests. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2010;17(2):521–32.

      [11] Song P, Peng Z, Yue Y, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Fan Y. Mechanical properties of silicone composites reinforced with micron- and nano-sized magnetic particles. 2013;7(6):546–53.

      [12] Momen G, Farzaneh M. Survey of Micro/Nano Filler Use To Improve Silicone Rubber for Outdoor Insulators. RevAdvMaterSci. 2011;27:6–7.

      [13] Rowland SM, Robertson J, Xiong Y, Day RJ. Electrical and Material Characterization of Field-aged 400 kV Silicone Rubber Composite Insulators. 2010;17(2).

      [14] R.S. Gorur EAC and JTB. Outdoor Insulators. 1999.

      [15] He S, Hu J, Zhang C, Wang J, Chen L, Bian X, et al. Performance improvement in nano-alumina fi lled silicone rubber composites by using vinyl tri-methoxysilane. Polym Test [Internet]. 2018;67(March):295–301. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymertesting.2018.03.023

      [16] Xu H, Gong L, Wang X, Zhao L, Pei Y, Wang G, et al. Composites : Part A Influence of processing conditions on dispersion , electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-filled-silicone rubber composites. Compos Part A [Internet]. 2016;91:53–64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2016.09.011

      [17] Hadi N, Mohamed A, Al-maamori NAA. Studying The Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber-Alum Composites using in Manufacturing of Prosthetic Liners. 2015;5(15):47–53.

      [18] Bian S, Jayaram S, Cherney E. Erosion resistance of electrospun silicone rubber nanocomposites. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2013;20(1):185–93.

      [19] Ramirez I, Jayaram S, Cherney EA, Gauthier M, Simon L. Erosion resistance and mechanical properties of silicone nanocomposite insulation. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2009;16(1):52–9.

      [20] Yaacob MM, Kamaruddin N, Mazlan NA, Noramat NF, Aman A, Alsaedi MA. Jurnal Teknologi Full paper Electrical Characteristics of Polyvinyl Chloride with Wollastonite Filler for High Voltage Outdoor Insulation Material. 2013;4:1–7.

      [21] Song Y, Yu J, Yu L, Alam FE, Dai W, Li C, et al. Enhancing the thermal , electrical , and mechanical properties of silicone rubber by addition of graphene nanoplatelets. JMADE [Internet]. 2015;88:950–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.09.064

      [22] Kannan P, Sivakumar M, Mekala K, Chandrasekar S. Tracking / Erosion Resistance Analysis of Nano-Al ( OH ) 3 Filled Silicone Rubber Insulating Materials for High Voltage DC Applications. J Electr Eng Technol. 2015;10(1):355–63.

      [23] Du BX, Yang ZR, Li ZL, Li J. Surface charge behavior of silicone rubber/SiC composites with field-dependent conductivity. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2017;24(3):1340–8.

      [24] Deepalaxmi R, Rajini V. Performance Evaluation of Electron Beam Irradiated SIR-EPDM Blends. 2015;3366–75.

      [25] Ghunem RA, Jayaram SH, Cherney EA. Erosion of silicone rubber composites in the AC and DC inclined plane tests. IEEE Trans Dielectr Electr Insul. 2013;20(1):229–36.

      [26] Kitta I. Performance Study of Silicone Rubber Polymer was Filled Fly Ash as Insulator Material on High Voltage Transmission Tower. Int J Innov Res Adv Eng [Internet]. 2016;3(1):58–62. Available from: http://www.ijirae.com/volumes/Vol3/iss1/09.JAAE10093.pdf

      [27] Muhammad Ali MC. Preparation and characterization of EPDM-silica nano / micro composites for high voltage insulation applications. 2015;33(1):213–9.

      [28] Mohamad Noraiham, Muchtar Andanastuti, Ghazali Mariyam Jameelah, Mohd Dahlan Hj AC. Correlation of Filler Loading and Silane Coupling Agent on the Physical Characteristics of Epoxidized Natural Rubber-Alumina Nanoparticles Composites. J Elastomers Plast. 2010;42:331.

      [29] Xianyou Z. Study on the Properties of the Wollastonite Short Fiber-PVC cable insulation composition. IEEE Int Symp Electr Insul. 1996;712–5.

      [30] Aziz T, Waters M, Jagger R. Analysis of the properties of silicone rubber maxillofacial prosthetic materials. J Dent. 2003;31(1):67–74.

      [31] N.N.Ali, A.Aman, H.Zainuddin, S.A.Ghani JAR. Two Level Factorial and Optimization Studies of Silicon Rubber Surface Resistivity for High Voltage Insulation – Effects of Raw Materials and Internal Mixer Processing Parameters. 2016;295–300.

      [32] Krupa I, Cecen V, Tlili R, Boudenne A, Ibos L. Thermophysical properties of ethylene-vinylacetate copolymer (EVA) filled with wollastonite fibers coated by silver. Eur Polym J [Internet]. 2008;44(11):3817–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.07.053

      [33] Youn B. Surface Degradation of HTV Silicone Rubber and EPDM Used for Outdoor Insulators under Accelerated Ultraviolet Weathering Condition. 2005;12(5):1015–24.

      [34] Guo C, Zhou L, Lv J. Effects of expandable graphite and modified ammonium polyphosphate on the flame-retardant and mechanical properties of wood flour-polypropylene composites. Polym Polym Compos. 2013;21(7):449–56.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Kamarudin, N., Abd Razak, J., Mohamad, N., Norddin, N., Aman, A., Muzafar Ismail, M., Junid, R., & Chew, T. (2018). Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Silicone Rubber Based Composite for High Voltage Insulator Application. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.25), 452-457. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.25.17729

    Received date: 2018-08-17

    Accepted date: 2018-08-17