A survey of GFRP composite leaf spring

  • Authors

    • S. Rajesh Tagore Engineering college
    • S. Nakkeran Bharath University
    • GB. Bhaskar
    2014-04-24
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i2.1811
  • Although leaf springs are one of the oldest suspension components, they are still frequently used in the automobile vehicles. Weight reduction is the main focus in the automobile industries. Weight reduction can be achieved primarily by the introduction of better materials, design optimization, and better manufacturing processes. The achievement of weight reduction with adequate improvement of mechanical properties has made composite a very good replacement material for conventional steel. Selection of material is based on the cost and strength of material. The composite materials have more elastic strain energy, storage capacity and high strength to weight ratio compared to steel. This paper briefs about the research carried out for the part of three decades on design, analysis, and selection of material, experiments and fabrication of composite leaf spring.

     

    Keywords: Composite Leaf Spring, Composite Materials, Finite Element Analysis, Weight Reduction, Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP).

  • References

    1. A. Gonzalez et al (2011)” Design of an adjustable- stiffness spring: Mathematical modeling and simulation, fabrication and experimental validation”, International journal of Mechanism and Machine Theory.
    2. Abdul Rahim et al (2009)” Developing a composite based elliptic spring for automotive applications”, International journal of Materials and Design,pp475-484.
    3. Antionio Miravete (1990)” Strain and stress analysis in tapered laminated composite structures”, International journal of composite structures.pp 65-84.
    4. Arturas Kersys et al (2010) “Experimental Research of the Impact Response of E-Glass /Epoxy and carbon /Epoxy composite systems “ Materials Science Vol 16.
    5. C.k Clarke et al (2005) “Evaluation of a leaf spring failure”, Journal of Failure Analysis and Prevension.
    6. C.K.H Dharan et al (2007)” Composite disc springs,” International journal of applied science and Manufacturing, pp 2511-2516.
    7. C.Subramanian et al (2010) “Effect of reinforced fiber length on the joint performance of thermoplastic leaf spring”, International journal of Materials and Design.3733-3741.
    8. C.Subramanian et al (2010) “Short term flexural creep behavior and model analysis of a Glass –Fiber –Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Leaf spring”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.120, pp 3679-3686.
    9. Subramanian et al (2011) “ Joint performance of the glass fiber reinforced polypropylene leaf spring”, International journal of Composite Structures,pp.759-766.
    10. Chang – Hsuan Chiu et al (2007)” An experimental investigation into the mechanical behaviors of helical composite springs”, International journal of compositestructures.pp 331-340.
    11. Cicek Ozes et al (2004) “Stress analysis of pin- loaded woven – glass fiber reinforced epoxy laminate conveying chain components”,International journal of composite structures.pp 470-481.
    12. Crivelli Visconti et al (1990) “Forecast on structural behavior for a composite city bus in GRFP”, Journal of composites manufacturing.
    13. E.Mahdi et al (2006) ”Light composite elliptic springs for vehicle suspension”, International journal of Composite Structures,pp.24-28.
    14. Erol Sancaktar et al (1999) “Design,analysis and optimization of composite leaf springs for light vehicle applications”, International journal of Composite Structures,pp.195-204.
    15. F. Guttman et al (1994) “ On the numerical analysis of local effects in composite structures “ Composite Structures, pp 1-12.
    16. F.N. Ahmad Refngah et al (2009) “Life Assessment of a Parabolic Spring Under Cyclic Strain Loading “ European Journal of Science Research. Vol 28, pp 351-353.
    17. G.Goudah, et al (2006) “Automobile compression composite elliptic spring “, International journal of Engineering and Technology, Vol3,pp 139-147.
    18. Gary Leavy (2004)” Evaluation of a Multi- Leaf Hybrid Springs for Automotive suspensions” SAE International.
    19. Gulur siddaramanna shiva Shankar et al (April 2006) “ Mono Composite leaf spring for light vehicle – Design, End joint Analysis and Testing”, International journal of Materials science, Vol.12
    20. H.A. Al- Qureshi et al (2001)” Automobile leaf spring from composite materials “, International journal ofMaterials Processing Technology,pp. 58-61.
    21. Hasim Pihtili (2008)” An experimental investigation of wear of glass fibre-epoxy resin and glass fibre – polyester resin composite materials””, European polymer journal, pp 149-154.
    22. Hongliang Fang et al (2004) “A hybrid inversion method for mapping leaf area index from MODIS data: experiments and application to broadleaf and needle leaf canopies”,Journal of Remote sensing of environment ,pp 405-424.
    23. Horiyuki Sugiyama et al (2005)” Development of nonlinear elastic leaf spring model for multibody vehicle systems”,International journal of computer methods inapplied mechanics and engineering,pp6925-694.
    24. Hossein Ghiasi et al ( 2009) “Optimum Stacking sequence design of composite materials part1: Constant stiffness design “, International journal of Composite Structures,pp.1-11.
    25. I.Rajendran et al (2001) “ Optimal design of a composite leaf spring using genetic algorithms”, International journal of computers and structures,pp1121-1129.
    26. J. Anders Holmberg (1995) “Application of weibull theory to random-Fibre composites “, International journal of composites science and technology, pp 75-85.
    27. J.J.Fuentes et al (2008) “ Premature fracture in automobile leaf springs”, International journal of Engineering Failure Analysis ,pp 648-655.
    28. J.P.Hou et al (2007) “Evolution of the eye-end design of a composite leaf spring for heavy axle loads”, International journal of Composite structures, pp.351-358.
    29. Jacob L. Pelletier et al (2006) “Multi-objective optimization of fiber reinforced composite laminates for strength, stiffness and minimal mass “ Computer and Structures , pp 2065-2080.
    30. Je Hoon Oh et al (1997)” Optimum bolted joints for hybrid composite materials “, International journal of composite structures.
    31. Joo-teck Jeffrey kueh et al ( 2012) “ Finite element analysis on the static and fatigue characteristics of composite multi- leaf spring “ Journal of Zhejiang University – science A ( Applied Physics & Engineering).pp 159-164.
    32. K.K. Jadhao et al (2011) “Experimental Investigation & Numerical Analysis of Composite Leaf Spring”, International journal of engineering science and technology vol 3.
    33. K.K.Jadhao et al (2010)” Experimental analysis of composite leaf spring”, International journal of Engineering and Technology.
    34. Krishnan Kumar et al (2013) “Computer aided FEA simulation of EN45A parabolic leaf spring” International journal of industrial Engineering and Computations, pp 297-304.
    35. M.F.Ashby et al (2003)” Designing hybrid materials”, International journal of acta materials, pp5801-5821.
    36. M.M.Patunkar et al (2011) “Modelling and Analysis of Composite leaf spring under the static load condition by using FEA”, International journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Vol 1, pp.1-4.
    37. M.Senthil Kumar et al (2006) “Static analysis and fatique life prediction of steel and composite leaf spring for light passenger vehicles”, Journal of scientific & Industrial Research, pp128-134.
    38. Mahmood M. Shokreih et al (2003) “ Analysis and optimization of a composite leaf spring”, International journal of Composite Structures,pp.317-325.
    39. Mouleeswaran senthil kumar et al (May 2007) “ Analytical and Experimental studies on Fatigue life prediction of Steel and composite Multi-leaf Spring for Light Passenger Vehicles Using Life data Analysis”, International journal of Materials science, Vol.13
    40. N. Sato et al (1997) “Interpretation of Acoustic Emission Signal from Composite Materials and its Application to Design of Automotive Composite Components” Springer pp 119-136.
    41. N.K Mukhopadhyay et al (1997)” Premature Failure of a leaf spring due to improper materials processing”, Journal of Engineering Failure Analysis.
    42. N.S. Mohan et al (2006)” Delamination analysis in drilling process of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composite materials ”,Journal of materials processing Technology,pp265-271.
    43. Niklas Philipson (2006)” Leaf spring modeling”, The Modelica Association.
    44. Oliver Franke et al (2010) “Analysis of the interaction of adjacent layers of a GFRP- laminate under fatigue loading”, International journal of fatigue,pp 54-59.
    45. Paolo Conti (1986) “Influence of Geometric Parameters on the stress Distribution Around a pin-loaded hole in a Composite laminate” Composite Material Technology, pp 83-101
    46. S.N. Omkar et al (2009) “ Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) for multi- objective design optimization of composite Structures”, Journal of applied soft computing,pp 489-499.
    47. Sang- young Kim et al (2011)” Prediction of the static fracture strength of hole notched plain weave CFRP Composite,pp 1-21.
    48. T.Tsukizoe et al (1983)” Friction and Wear of Advanced Composite Materials “, Journal of fibre science and Technology, pp265-286.
    49. V Ravikumar et al (2013) “ Analysis of Natural Fiber Composite Leaf spring” International Journal of Latest trends in Engineering and Technology, pp182-191
    50. W.J.Yu et al (1988)” Double Tapered FRP Beam for Automotive Suspension Leaf Spring” Computer and Structures, pp 279-300.
  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Rajesh, S., Nakkeran, S., & Bhaskar, G. (2014). A survey of GFRP composite leaf spring. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 3(2), 185-193. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v3i2.1811