Review of the Issues and Governance of Genetically Modified Organism in Malaysia

  • Authors

    • Mohamad Hafis Aliaziz
    • Suhaimi Ab Rahma
    2018-08-24
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18223
  • Genetically Modified Organism, Biotechnology
  • Abstract

    This paper discusses the issues of modern practice of biotechnology in Malaysia. As a developing country, Malaysia is putting a lot of effort on the development of biotechnology which is targeted to be a new economic engine for the country. Although the modern biotechnology with the focus in producing genetically modified products seems to give many benefits, but it has raised concerns on several issues arising out of the use of the modified organisms.  Thus, a good governance of GMO is required to control the issues so that it can reduce the concerns over safety and halal issues. It is suggested that although the government has introduced laws that govern the practice of biotechnology, it still requires improvement so it can provide overall control to the practice of modern biotechnology in Malaysia.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Rastogi SC (2007), Biotechnology Principles and Application. Alpha Science International Ltd. U.K.

      [2] Lemaux PG (2006), Introduction to genetic modification. Agricultural biotechnology in California series, 8178.

      [3] Houdebine L-M (2009), Production of pharmaceutical proteins by transgenic animals. Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases 32, 107-121.

      [4] Fiechter A & Bayeler W (2000), History of biotechnology, volume 1. Springer-Verlag. pp. 1. GRAIN (2004).GM cotton set to invade West Africa: Time to act! Retrieved from http://www.grain.org/briefings/?id=184

      [5] Robert B (1989), Janus-faced biotechnology: an historical perspective. Trends in Biotechnology 7(9), 230-233.

      [6] Zika E, Papetryfon I, Wolf O, Gomez-Barbero M, Stein AJ & Bock A-K (2007), Consequences, Opportunities and Challenges of Modern Biotechnology for Europe. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

      [7] Henk vdB (2009), Philosophy of Biotechnology. In M Anthonie (Ed.), Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences 1301-1340, Amsterdam: North-Holland.

      [8] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1999), Policy Brief: Modern biotechnology and OECD.

      [9] Marzukhi H & Umi Kalsom AB (2005), Pengenalan kepada bioteknologi pemakanan dan pertanian. In Syaikh Mohd Saifuddeen SMS, Wan Roslili,AM & Azrina S (Eds), Sempadan bioteknologi menurut Islam. Institut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia (IKIM), 21-31.

      [10] Backman K (2001), The advent of genetic engineering. Trends Biochem Sci 26(4), 268-270.

      [11] Keener K, Hoban T & Balasubramanian R (2012), Biotechnology and its application. Department of food science. The North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service. North Carolina State University. Retrieved from http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/foodsci/ext/pubs/bioapp.html

      [12] Lin D (2011), Arguments For and against genetically modified organisms: GMOs from an animal rights and vegan perspective. Retrieved from http://animalrights.about.com/od/animalsusedforfood/a/Arguments-For-And-Against Genetically-Modified-Organisms_2.htm

      [13] Christensen R, Davis J, Ochoa GMP & Schmit W (2002), Biotechnology: An Overview. European Investment Bank.

      [14] Latifah A & Jamaluddin MJ (2004), Ethical aspects of genetically modified organisms released into environment. Malaysian Journal of Environmental Management 5, 99 – 111.

      [15] Hulse JH (2004), Biotechnologies: Past history, present state and future prospects. Trends in Food Science & Technology 15, 3–18.

      [16] United Nations Environment Programme (2006), Africa environment outlook 2: Our environment, our wealth. United Nations Environment Programme.

      [17] Kaskey J (2009),. Monsanto, dow chemical win approval for modified corn (Update3). Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/

      Bolognesi C, Merlo FD (2011), Pesticides: Human Health Effects, In: Editor-in-Chief: Jerome O. Nriagu, Editor(s)-in-Chief, Encyclopedia of Environmental Health, Elsevier, Burlington 438-453.

      [18] James C (2003) Global review of commercialized transgenic crops. Current science 84 (3).

      [19] Qaim M & Zilberman D (2003). Yield effects of genetically modified crops in developing countries. Science, 299, 900.

      [20] Prakash CS (2011), Benefits of biotechnology for developing countries. Retrieved from http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/topics/dev-world/benefits.html

      [21] Netto (2007), Malaysia to enforce labeling of GM foods. In the news about GM issues of gm-free Ireland. Retrieved from http://www.gmfreeireland.org/news/2007/apr.php

      [22] Márcio AF & Belem (1999), Application of biotechnology in the product development of nutraceuticals in Canada. Trends in Food Science & Technology 10(3), 101-106.

      [23] Hood L, Biotechnology and Medicine of the Future. JAMA 259(12),1837-1844.

      [24] Rigaud N (2008), Biotechnology: Ethical and social debates. In the OECD International Futures Project on “The Bioeconomy to 2030: Designing a Policy Agendaâ€.

      [25] Latifah A, Noor Ayuni AA, Mohd Fadhli H, Abdul Latif S & Mohamad Sabri H (2011), Awareness and knowledge on modern biotechnology. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(58), 12448-12456.

      [26] Losey JE, Rayor LS & Carter ME (1999), Transgenic pollen harms monarch larvae. Nature, 399.

      [27] Hellmich RL, Siegfried BD, Sears MK, Stanley-Horn DE, Mattila HR, Spencer T, Bidne KG, Daniels MJ & Lewis LC (2001), Monarch larvae sensitivity to Bacillus thuringiensis purified proteins and pollen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98:11925 11930.

      [28] Briggs H (2001), The biotech debate: The monarch butterfly. In the BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1298397.stm

      [29] Hazzah K (2000), Are GMO's Halal?. Retrieved from http://www.agbioworld.org/biotech-info/religion/halal.html

      [30] Rahman LA (2009), Isu halal tiada penghujung. Alambaca Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia, 68-78.

      [31] Prather RS, Shen M & Dai Y (2008), Genetically modifed pigs for medicine and agriculture. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews 25, 245-266.

      [32] National Council of Fatwa Islamic Affairs Malaysia (JAKIM) (1999), Biotechnology in Food & Drink. Retrieved from http://www.e-fatwa.gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan/bioteknologi-dalam-makanan-minuman[33] National Council of Fatwa Islamic Affairs Malaysia (JAKIM) (2011), Eating Genetically Modified Food Law (Genetic Modified Food). Retrieved from http://www.e-fatwa.gov.my/fatwa-kebangsaan/hukum-memakan-makanan-terubahsuai-genetik-genetic-modified-food

      [34]Kuiper HA, Kleter GA, Noteborn HPJM & Kok EJ (2002), Substantial equivalence – An appropriate paradigm for the safety assessment of genetically modiï¬ed foods? Toxicology 181-182, 427-431.

      [35] Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) (2012), The Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety. Retrieved from http://bch.cbd.int/protocol/parties/

      [36] BIOTEK (2009), About us. Retrieved from http://www.biotek.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=46&Itemid=5

      [37] MOSTI (2005), Biotechnology for wealth creation and social well being : The way forward, Ministry of Technology and Innovation (MOSTI), Malaysia.

      [38] Consumer Association of Penang (CAP) (2009), Revoke and remove approved GM food from our shelves. Retrieved from http://www.consumer.org.my/index.php/food/safety/136 revoke-and-remove-approved-gm-food-from-our-shelves

      [39] International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) (2011), Approved GM events in Malaysia | GM approvals in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.isaaa.org/gmapprovaldatabase/country/default.asp?CountryID=120&GMAprovalsin=Malaysia

      [40] Malaysian Biotechnology Information Centre (MABIC) (2006), Biotechnology in Malaysia. Retrieved from http://www.bic.org.my/?action=localscenario&do=biotechnology

      [41] Parveez GKA, Masri MM, Zainal A, Majid NA, Yunus AMM, Fadilah HH, Rasid O & Cheah SC (2000), Transgenic oil palm: production and projection. Biochemical Society Transactions 28, 6.

      [42] Consumer Association of Penang (CAP) (2006), Halal haram. Consumer Association of Penang, Malaysia 145.

      [43] Biosafety Act (2007) (Act 678).

      [44] Latifah A & Abdul Latif S (2010), Permasalahan etika dalam bioteknologi. Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 91-105.

      [45]Latifah A, Ayuni AA, Mohamad Hanafi G, Jamil A, Abdul Latif S, Mohamad Sabri H & Nik Marzuki S (2010), Ethical perception of modern biotechnology with special focus on genetically modifed food among Muslims in Malaysia. Asia-Pacifc Journal of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology 18 (3), 359-367.

      [46] ICTSD (2009), Malaysian biosafety act enters into inforce. Retrieved from http://ictsd.org/i/news/biores/65569/

      [47] MacKenzie V (2002), GM foods : Will their fate be decided in Asia. Report for ASrIA, the Association for Sustainable and Responsible Investment in Asia with support from Cazenove Asia, pg 16.

      [48] International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications (ISAAA) (2006), Labelling. Retrieved from http://www.isaaa.org/kc/Publications/htm/articles/Labeling/malaysia.htm

      [49] Ismail SM (2008), Makanan ubahsuai genetik (GM Food) : Satu analisis hukum. Universiti Malaya.

      [50]Safian MYH (2005), Islam and biotechnology: With special reference to genetically modified foods. Science and Religion: Global Perspectives.

      [51] Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI). Halal Hub. Retrieved from http://www.miti.gov.my/cms/content.jsp?id=com.tms.cms.section.Section_8ab65e4b7f000010-72f772f7-ce3196c6

      [52] Laws of Malaysia, Act 678 Biosafety act (2007).

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Hafis Aliaziz, M., & Ab Rahma, S. (2018). Review of the Issues and Governance of Genetically Modified Organism in Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.30), 178-181. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.30.18223

    Received date: 2018-08-25

    Accepted date: 2018-08-25

    Published date: 2018-08-24