Classification of Sedimentation Problems Level Using Environmetric Method at Terengganu River, Malaysia

  • Authors

    • Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin
    • Noorjima Abd Wahab
    • Mohd Ekhwan Toriman
    • Frankie Marcus Ata
    • Roslan Umar
    • Nadzifah Yaakub
    • Hanif Abdullah
    • Atikah Anuar
    • Abdul Rahman Hassan
    • Ahmad Shakir Mohd Saudi
    • Hazamri Harith
    • Norsyuhada Hairoma
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.18812
  • Terengganu River, Sedimentation, Gravimetric method, National Water Quality Standard (NWQS), Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC).

  • Abstract

    This study was implemented to prove the sedimentation problem. The technique of analysis of primary data obtained which determine according procedure Gravimetric method, Gerald & Kenneth and the scale Udden - Wentworth which included median, mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. The results showed the highest average of TSS (mg/L) is 67.2 (wet season) and 128.2 (dry season). While the highest TUR is 43.57 (wet season) and 21.57 (dry season). The statistical analysis of the phi value obtained showed the size of sediment grains is dominated by the rough size (phi -0.10 to phi -0.30) and very rough (phi -0.30 to -1.00) which signify the production of sedimentation behavior. The statistical analysis proved the weak regression relationship between TSS, TUR, river discharge (Q) and skewness caused by the anthropogenic factors and uncertain climate changes. The Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) enabled to group 29 monitoring sites into a few groups (sand mining area, industrial and development of socioeconomic, agricultural and farming, residential and domestic waste). The contributors of sedimentation problems from unsustainable land use and climate changes which are effectively trapping the bed sediments, backflow that carries out high sediments.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Ata, F. M., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E., Zin, M. S. M., Sulaiman, N. H., Wahab, N. A., & Saad, J. M. (2016). Klasifikasi sedimen menggunakan teknik envirometrik: Satu kajian kes di Sungai Pahang, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 20(5), 1171-1180.

      [2] Toriman, M. E. (2005). Hydrometeorological conditions and sediment yield in the upstream reach of Sungai Bebar, Pekan Forest Reserve, Pahang. PSF Technical Series, (4), 41-46.

      [3] Porteous, A. (2013). Dictionary of environmental science and technology. John Wiley and Sons.

      [4] Ismail, W. R., & Rahaman, Z. A. (1994). The impact of quarrying activity on suspended sediment concentration and sediment load of Sungai Relau, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Tropical Geography, 25(1), 45-57.

      [5] Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E, Syed Abdullah, S. M, Idris, M., Jamil, N. R., & Gasim, M. B. (2009). Temporal variability on lowland river sediment properties and yield. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5(5), 657-663.

      [6] Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E., Rosli, M. H., Juahir, H., Aziz, N. A. A., Azid, A., & Sulaiman, W. N. A. (2015). Analysis of meander evolution studies on effect from land use and climate change at the upstream reach of the Pahang River, Malaysia. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 20(8), 1319-1334.

      [7] Murugesan, A. G. and Rajakumari, C. (2005). Environmental science and biotechnology, theory and techniques. MUP Publishers.

      [8] Gerald, M. F., & Kenneth, G. J. (1982). Exercises in sedimentology. Chichester Brisbane Toronto Singapore.

      [9] Udden, J. A. (1914). Mechanical composition of clastic sediments. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 25(1), 655-744.

      [10] Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran. (2003). Hidrologi dan sumber air. Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) Negeri Pahang.

      [11] Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD). (2015-2016). Taburan hujan berdasarkan bahagian kawasan di Malaysia Bagi Januari hingga Disember 2016. MMD.

      [12] Toriman, M. E., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Idris, M. H., Gasim, M. B., & Jamil, N. R. (2008). Masalah sedimentasi dan penyelesaiannya melalui kaedah pengurusan persekitaran: satu kajian kes di Sungai Chini, Pahang. e-BANGI: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 3(3), 1-14.

      [13] Wahab, N. A., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Gasim, M. B., Umar, R., Ata, F. M., & Sulaiman, N. H. (2016). Assessment of total suspended sediment and bed sediment grains in upstream areas of Lata Berangin, Terengganu. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 6(5), 757-763.

      [14] Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E., Wahab, N. A., Rosli, H., Ata, F. M., & Faudzi, M. N. M. (2017). Sedimentation study on upstream reach of selected rivers in Pahang River Basin, Malaysia. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology, 7(1), 35-41.

      [15] Wahab, N. A, Kamarudin, M. K. A., Anuar, A., Ata, F. M, Sulaiman, N. H., Baharim, N. B., Harun, N. S., Muhammad, N. A. (2017). Assessments of lake profiling on temperature, total suspended solid (TSS) and turbidity in the Kenyir Lake, Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal Fundamental Applied. Science. 9(2S), 256-278.

      [16] Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E., Idris, M., Juahir, H., Azid, A., Gasim, M. B, Umar, R., Endut, A., Mokhtar, M., Khalit, S. I., Ismail, A., Yaakob, N. H. M., Rwoo, M. A. (2016). Environmental management on natural lake using sediment and hydrology hydraulic models. Malaysian Journal of Applied Sciences, 1(2), 9-26.

      [17] Nalado, A. M., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Wahab, N. A., Rosli, M. H., & Saudi, A. S. M. (2017). Assessment of individual water quality index parameter in Terengganu River, Malaysia. Journal Fundamental Applied Sciences, 9(2S), 430-442.

      [18] Packman, J., Comings, K., & Booth, D. (1999). Using turbidity to determine total suspended solids in urbanizing streams in the Puget Lowlands. In Confronting Uncertainty: Managing Change in Water Resources and the Environment. Vancouver: Canadian Water Resources Association annual meeting, 1999, pp. 158–165.

      [19] Din, H. M., Toriman, M. E., Mokhtar, M., Elfithri, R., Aziz, N. A. A., Abdullah, N. M., Kamarudin, M. K. A. (2012). Loading concentrations of pollutant in Alur Ilmu at UKM Bangi campus: Event mean concentration (EMC) approach. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 16(3), 353-365.

      [20] Gasim, M. B., Toriman, M. E., Idris, M., Lun, P. I., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Azlina, A. A. Mokhtar, M., Mastura, S. A. S. (2013). River flow conditions and dynamic state analysis of Pahang River. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 10(1), 42-57.

      [21] Wahab, N. A., Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M E., Juahir, H., Gasim, M. B., Rizman, Z. I., & Damayanti, P. P. (2018). Climate changes impacts towards sedimentation rate at Terengganu River, Terengganu, Malaysia. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 10(1S), 33-51.

      [22] Kamarudin, M. K. A., Toriman, M. E., Sulaiman, N. H., Ata, F. M., Gasim, M. B., Muhamad, A., Yusoff, W. A., Mokhtar, M., Amran, M. A., Abd Aziz, N. A. (2015). Classification of tropical river using chemometrics technique: Case study in Pahang River, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences, 19(5), 1001-1018.

      [23] Jaafar, O., Toriman, M. E. H., Idris, M. H., Mastura, S. S., Juahir, H. H., Aziz, N. A. A., Kamarudin, K. A., & Jamil, N. R. (2010). Study of water level-discharge relationship using artificial neural network (ANN) in Sungai Gumum, Tasik Chini Pahang Malaysia. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, 5(1), 20-26.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Khairul Amri Kamarudin, M., Abd Wahab, N., Ekhwan Toriman, M., Marcus Ata, F., Umar, R., Yaakub, N., Abdullah, H., Anuar, A., Rahman Hassan, A., Shakir Mohd Saudi, A., Harith, H., & Hairoma, N. (2018). Classification of Sedimentation Problems Level Using Environmetric Method at Terengganu River, Malaysia. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3.14), 327-332. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.14.18812

    Received date: 2018-09-02

    Accepted date: 2018-09-02