Bidirectional dc to dc Converters: An Overview of Various Topologies, Switching Schemes and Control Techniques

  • Authors

    • Deepak Ravi
    • Bandi Mallikarjuna Reddy
    • Shimi S.L
    • Paulson Samuel
    2018-09-22
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20107
  • DHB-IBDC (Dual half bridge-isolated Bidirectional dc-dc converter), DAFB-IBDC (Dual Active full bridge-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter), IBDC (Isolated Bidirectional dc-dc converter), NIBDC (Non-isolated Bidirectional dc-dc converter),
  • Bidirectional dc to dc converter is used as a key device for interfacing the storage devices between source and load in renewable energy system for continuous flow of power because the output of the renewable energy system fluctuates due to change in weather conditions. In electric vehicles also, bidirectional converter is used between energy source and motor for power supply from battery to motor. Thus, bidirectional dc to dc converters are getting more and more attention in academic research and in industrial applications. Bidirectional dc to dc converters work in both buck and boost mode and can manage the flow of power in both the direction between two dc sources and load by using specific switching scheme and phase shifted control strategy and hence generated excess energy can be stored in batteries/super capacitors. Therefore, the basic knowledge and classification of bidirectional dc to dc converters on the basis of galvanic isolation, the comparison between their voltage conversion ratio and output current ripple along with various topologies researched in recent years are presented in this paper. Finally, zero current and zero voltage soft switching schemes and phase shifted controlling techniques are also highlighted. 

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] F. Caricchi, F. Crescimbini, F. G. Capponi, and L. Solero, “Study of bi-directional buck-boost converter topologies for application in electrical vehicle motor drives,†APEC ’98 Thirteen. Annu. Appl. Power Electron. Conf. Expo., vol. 1, pp. 287–293, (1998).

      [2] [2] converter topology for low power application,†PESC97. Rec. 28th Annu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf. Former. Power Cond. Spec. Conf. 1970-71. Power Process. Electron. Spec. Conf. 1972, vol. 1, pp. 804–810, (1997).

      [3] J.-S. Lai and D. J. Nelson, “Energy Management Power Converters in Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles,†Proc. IEEE, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 766–777, (2007).

      [4] A. Emadi, S. S. Williamson, and A. Khaligh, “Power electronics intensive solutions for advanced electric, hybrid electric, and fuel cell vehicular power systems,†IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 21, no. 3. pp. 567–577, ( 2006).

      [5] H. Plesko, J. Biela, J. Luomi, and J. W. Kolar, “Novel concepts for integrating the electric drive and auxiliary DC-DC converter for hybrid vehicles,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 3025–3034, (2008).

      [6] B. M. Reddy and P. Samuel, “Technology Advancements and Trends in Development of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vehicles in India : A Review,†vol. 7, pp. 361–384, (2017).

      [7] M. Y. Chong, A. A. Rahman, N. A. Aziz, A. Khamis, and M. F. M. Basar, “Performance comparison of bidirectional converter designs for renewable power generation,†in PEOCO 2010 - 4th International Power Engineering and Optimization Conference, Program and Abstracts, pp. 101–106, (2010).

      [8] M. A. Abdullah, A. H. M. Yatim, C. W. Tan, and A. S. Samosir, “Control of a bidirectional converter to interface ultracapacitor with renewable energy sources,†in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, pp. 673–678, (2013).

      [9] S. Adhikari, Z. Lei, W. Peng, and Y. Tang, “A Battery / Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for DC Microgrids,†ECCE Asia, pp. 8–14, (2016).

      [10] U. Supatti and S. Sungtum, “Bidirectional hybrid batteries/ultra-capacitors energy storage system for vehicular applications,†IEEE Ind. Appl. Soc. - 51st Annu. Meet. IAS 2015, Conf. Rec., pp. 6–11, (2015).

      [11] H. Zhou, T. Duong, S. T. Sing, and A. M. Khambadkone, “Interleaved bi-directional Dual Active Bridge DC-DC converter for interfacing ultracapacitor in micro-grid application,†in IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, pp. 2229–2234, (2010).

      [12] H. Bai and C. Mi, “Eliminate reactive power and increase system efficiency of isolated bidirectional dual-active-bridge dc-dc converters using novel dual-phase-shift control,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 2905–2914, (2008).

      [13] [13] J. Xie, X. Zhang, C. Zhang, and C. Wang, “Research on Bi-Directional DC-DC Converter For a Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Hybrid Energy Storage System,†2010 Asia-Pacific Power Energy Eng. Conf., pp. 1–4, 2010.

      [14] J. Li-jun and Y. Guang-yao, “Study of Bi-directional DC-DC Converter of Micro-grid Hybrid Energy Storage System,†pp. 1166–1169, (2015).

      [15] M. A. Hernández, F. Lozada, J. L. Azcue, J. A. Torrico, A. J. Sguarezi, and S. Member, “Battery Energy Storage System Applied to Wind Power System Based on Z-Source Inverter Connected to Grid,†vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 4035–4042, (2016).

      [16] A. Aroliya, “Analysis of Energy Storage System for Wind Power Generation with application of Bidirectional Converter,†Second Int. Conf. Comput. Intell. Commun. Technol., pp. 419–423, 2016.

      [17] S. Tamalouzt, N. Benyahia, T. Rekioua, D. Rekioua, and R. Abdessemed, “Wind turbine-DFIG/photovoltaic/fuel cell hybrid power sources system associated with hydrogen storage energy for micro-grid applications,†in Proceedings of 2015 IEEE International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference, IRSEC 2015, (2016).

      [18] J. Barzola, D. L. Simonetti, and J. F. Fardin, “Energy storage systems for power oscillation damping in distributed generation based on wind turbines with PMSG,†2015 Chil. Conf. Electr. Electron. Eng. Inf. Commun. Technol., pp. 655–660, (2015).

      [19] H. Karshenas and H. Daneshpajooh, “Bidirectional DC-DC Converters for Energy Storage Systems,†Energy Storage Emerg. ERA Smart Grids, pp. 162–178, (2011).

      [20] B. M. Reddy and P. Samuel, "A comparative analysis of non-isolated bi-directional dc-dc converters," IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES), Delhi, India, 2016, pp. 1-6, (2016).

      [21] A. k. Gupta, B. M. Reddy, D. Kumar, P. Samuel, “BBBC based Optimization of PI Controller Parameters for Buck Converter,†i-PACT 2017, Vellore Institute of technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu, India, (2017).

      [22] T. Kang, C. Kim, Y. Suh, H. Park, B. Kang, and D. Kim, “A design and control of bi-directional non-isolated DC-DC converter for rapid electric vehicle charging system,†in Conference Proceedings - IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition - APEC, pp. 14–21, (2012).

      [23] D. R. Northcott, S. Filizadeh, and A. R. Chevrefils, “Design of a bidirectional buck-boost dc/dc converter for a series hybrid electric vehicle using PSCAD/EMTDC,†in 5th IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC ’09, 2009, pp. 1561–1566, (2009).

      [24] R. M. Schupbach and J. C. Balda, “Comparing DC-DC converters for power management in hybrid electric vehicles,†IEEE Int. Electr. Mach. Drives Conf. 2003. IEMDC’03., vol. 3, no. C, pp. 1369–1374, (2003).

      [25] M. R. Mohammadi and H. Farzanehfard, “A new bidirectional ZVS-PWM Cuk converter with active clamp,†2011 19th Iran. Conf. Electr. Eng., pp. 1–1, (2011).

      [26] K. Tytelmaier, O. Husev, O. Veligorskyi, and R. Yershov, “A review of non-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters for energy storage systems,†2016 II Int. Young Sci. Forum Appl. Phys. Eng., pp. 22–28, (2016).

      [27] E. Adib and H. Farzanehfard, “Soft switching bidirectional DC-DC converter for ultracapacitor-batteries interface,†Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 2879–2884, 2009.

      [28] C. Dimna Denny and M. Shahin, “Analysis of bidirectional SEPIC/Zeta converter with coupled inductor,†Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Technol. Adv. Power Energy, TAP Energy 2015, pp. 103–108, (2015).

      [29] I. D. Kim, Y. H. Lee, B. H. Min, E. C. Nho, and J. W. Ann, “Design of bidirectional PWM Sepic/Zeta DC-DC converter,†7th Internatonal Conf. Power Electron. ICPE’07, pp. 614–619, (2008).

      [30] Y.-S. Lee and Y.-Y. Chiu, “Zero-current-switching switched-capacitor bidirectional DC–DC converter,†IEE Proc. - Electr. Power Appl., vol. 152, no. 6, pp. 1525–1530, (2005).

      [31] A. Ioinovici, “Development of a Generalized S witched-Capacitor DCDC Converter with Bi-directional Power Flow,†pp. 499–502, (2000).

      [32] H. S. H. Chung, A. Ioinovici, and W. L. Cheung, “Generalized structure of bi-directional switched-capacitor DC/DC converters,†IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Fundam. Theory Appl., vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 743–754, (2003).

      [33] S. Sakulchotruangdet and S. Khwan-On, “Three-phase Interleaved Boost Converter with Fault Tolerant Control Strategy for Renewable Energy System Applications,†Procedia Comput. Sci., vol. 86, no. March, pp. 353–356, (2016).

      [34] X. Huang, F. C. Lee, Q. Li, and W. Du, “High-Frequency High-Efficiency GaN-Based Interleaved CRM Bidirectional Buck/Boost Converter with Inverse Coupled Inductor,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 4343–4352, (2016).

      [35] Y. Yang, J. Ma, C. N. M. Ho, and Y. Zou, “A New Coupled-Inductor Structure for Interleaving Bidirectional DC-DC Converters,†IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Power Electron., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 841–849, (2015).

      [36] W. Yu, H. Qian, and J. S. Lai, “Design of high-efficiency bidirectional DCDC converter and high-precision efficiency measurement,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 650–658, (2010).

      [37] A. Thiyagarajan, S. G. Praveen Kumar, and A. Nandini, “Analysis and Comparison of Conventional and Interleaved DC/DC Boost Converter,†Second Int. Conf. Curr. Trends Eng. Technol. - ICCTET 2014, pp. 198–205, (2014).

      [38] S. Waffler, J. Biela, and J. W. Kolar, “Output ripple reduction of an automotive multi-phase Bi-directional DC-DC converter,†in 2009 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2009, pp. 2184–2190, (2009).

      [39] B. M. Reddy, P. Samuel, “Analysis of Isolated Bi-Directional dc-dc Converters for Performance Enhancement of PV System and Energy Storage System,†PIICON-2016, Government engineering college, Bikaner, India, (2016).

      [40] H. S. H. Chung, W. L. Cheung, and K. S. Tang, “A ZCS bidirectional flyback dc/dc converter,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1426–1434, (2004).

      [41] M. Kashif, “Bidirectional flyback DC-DC converter for hybrid electric vehicle: Utility, working and PSPICE computer model,†Asia Pacific Conf. Postgrad. Res. Microelectron. Electron., no. December, pp. 61–66, (2012).

      [42] D. Murthy-Bellur and M. K. Kazimierczuk, “Isolated two-transistor zeta converter with reduced transistor voltage stress,†IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 41–45, (2011).

      [43] F. Zhang and Y. Yan, “Novel forward-flyback hybrid bidirectional DC-DC converter,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 1578–1584, (2009).

      [44] H. Li, F. Z. Peng, and J. S. Lawler, “A natural ZVS medium-power bidirectional DC-DC converter with minimum number of devices,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 525–535, (2003).

      [45] Z. Zhang, Z. Ouyang, O. C. Thomsen, and M. A. E. Andersen, “Analysis and design of a bidirectional isolated DC-DC converter for fuel cells and supercapacitors hybrid system,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 848–859, (2012).

      [46] J.-Y. Lee, Y.-S. Jeong, and B.-M. Han, “A Two-Stage Isolated/Bidirectional DC/DC Converter With Current Ripple Reduction Technique,†IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 59, no. 1. pp. 644–646, (2012).

      [47] R. Pittini, Z. Zhang, M. a E. Andersen, and K. Lyngby, “Analysis of DC / DC Converter Efficiency for Energy Storage System Based on Bidirectional Fuel Cells,†pp. 2011–2014, (2014).

      [48] B. Zhao, Q. Yu, Z. Leng, and X. Chen, “Switched Z-source isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter and its phase-shifting shoot-through bivariate coordinated control strategy,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 12, pp. 4657–4670, (2012).

      [49] T. Hirose and H. Matsuo, “A consideration of bidirectional superposed dual active bridge dc-dc converter,†in 2nd International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems, PEDG 2010, pp. 39–46, (2010).

      [50] L. Zhu, “A novel soft-commutating isolated boost full-bridge ZVS-PWM DC-DC converter for bi-directional high power applications,†in PESC Record - IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2141–2146, (2004).

      [51] H. Li, D. Liu, F. Z. Peng, and G. J. Su, “A small signal analysis of a dual half bridge isolated ZVS Bi-directional dc-dc converter for electrical vehicle applications,†in PESC Record - IEEE,, Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, vol. 2005, pp. 2777–2782, (2005).

      [52] L. Solero, F. Caricchi, F. Crescimbini, O. Honorati, and F. Mezzetti, “Performance of a 10 kW power electronic interface for combined wind/PV isolated generating systems,†PESC Rec. 27th Annu. IEEE Power Electron. Spec. Conf., vol. 2, pp. 1027–1032, (1996).

      [53] M. H. Kheraluwala, R. W. Gascoigne, D. M. Divan, and E. D. Baumann, “Performance Characterization of a High-Power Dual Active Bridge dc-to-dc Converter,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 1294–1301, (1992).

      [54] R. W. A. A. De Doncker, D. M. Divan, and M. H. Kheraluwala, “A Three-Phase Soft-Switched High-Power-Density DC/DC Converter for High-Power Applications,†IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 63–73, (1991).

      [55] M. H. Kheraluwala and R. W. De Doncker, “Single phase unity power factor control for dual active bridgenconverter,†in Conf Rec. 28th IEEE Industry Applications Soc. (IAS) Annu. Meeting, (1993).

      [56] S. Inoue and H. Akagi, “A bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter as a core circuit of the next-generation medium-voltage power conversion system,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 535–542, (2007).

      [57] S. Inoue and H. Akagi, “A bidirectional DC-DC converter for an energy storage system with galvanic isolation,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 2299–2306, (2007).

      [58] G. G. Oggier, R. Leidhold, G. O. García, A. R. Oliva, J. C. Balda, and F. Barlow, “Extending the ZVS operating range of dual active bridge high-power DC-DC converters,†in PESC Record - IEEE Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference, (2006).

      [59] H. Bai, Z. Nie, and C. C. Mi, “Experimental comparison of traditional phase-shift, dual-phase-shift, and model-based control of isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1444–1449, (2010).

      [60] G. G. Oggier, G. O. GarcÃa, A. R. Oliva, G. O. Garcia, and A. R. Oliva, “Switching Control Strategy to Minimize Dual Active Bridge Converter Losses,†IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 1826–1838, (2009).

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Ravi, D., Mallikarjuna Reddy, B., S.L, S., & Samuel, P. (2018). Bidirectional dc to dc Converters: An Overview of Various Topologies, Switching Schemes and Control Techniques. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.5), 360-365. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20107