The Processing of Nitrocellulose from Rhizophora, Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) and kenaf fibres as a Propellant Grade

  • Authors

    • Mohd Najib Abdul Ghani Yolhamid
    • Farizha Ibrahim
    • Mohamad Abu Ubaidah Amir
    • Rushdan Ibrahim
    • Sharmiza Adnan
    • Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya
    2018-11-26
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.29.21844
  • Gun powder, nitrocellulose, Rhizophora (Hardwood), Palm Oil Bunches (Empty Fruit Bunches) and Kenaf Bast (Soft Wood)

  • Abstract

    Nitrocellulose based powders are extensively in military application used as propellant in bullets, shells, and various missiles for tube munitions. In this study, Rhizophora, Palm Oil Bunches- Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and kenaf fibres were used as raw materials to produce nitrocellulose suitable for replace gunpowder. All raw materials are converted to dissolving pulps before nitrocellulose are synthesized. The characteristics of both dissolving pulps and nitrocellulose are determined. The result shows that the nitrocellulose from  Rhizophora, Palm Oil Bunches- Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) and kenaf  have a tendency as propellant.

  • References

    1. [1] Byung J. Kim Hsin-Neng Hsieh, and Fong-Jung Tai. Anaerobic Digestion and Acid Hydrolysis of Nitrocellulose [Report]. - [s.l.] : CERL, 1999

      [2] Urbanski Tsdeusz Chemistry and Technologyof Explosives [Book]. - Oxford : Pergamon Press, 1965.

      [3] Wim Giesen Stephan Wulffraat, Max Zieren and Liesbeth Scholten Mangrove Guidebook for Southeast Asia [Book]. - [s.l.] : FAO, 2006.

      [4] Fazlena Hamzah Ani Idris, Tan Khai Shuan Preliminary study on enzymatic hydrolysis of treated oil palm (Elaeis) empty fruit bunches fibre (EFB) by using combination of cellulase and b 1-4 glucosidase [Journal] // Biomass and Bioenergy. - 2011. - Vol. 35. - pp. 1055-1059.

      [5] Ferrer Ana [et al.] Pulping of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from the palm oil industry by formic acid [Journal] // Bioresource. - 2011. - 4 : Vol. 6. - pp. 4282-4301.

      [6] Mahmudin S. Ainun Zuriyati MA Latifah J., Mohd Shahwahid O., Paridah T., Jalaludin H. Norchahaya H. Mohd Nor MY., Singaram, Harmaen AS Kenaf - A potential pulp and paper manufacture [Book]. - Kuala Lumpur : MTIB, 2012

      [7] Higuchi, T.(1998). The Discovery of lignin. Discoveries in Plant Biology. World Scientific,Series B: Physical and Biological Science, Singapore, 233-269.

      [8] E. J. Bevan and C. F. Cross, (2007) Researches on Cellulose. London: Longmans, Dreen.

      [9] Miller-Keane (1997). Encyclopaedia & Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health (6th ed.). W. B. Saunders. pp. xv–xvi, Preface. ISBN 0-7216-6278-1.

      [10] J.M. Talbot, D.J. Yelle, J.Norwick (1969).Litter decay rates are determined by lignin chemistry, Springer Netherlands.

      [11] Sligting, L (2013). Characterization of Nitrocellulose by 2D HPLC. Bachelor thesis Scheikunde, University of Amsterdam

      [12] Herman F. Mark, Norbert M. Bikales, Charles G. Overberger, Georg Menges, Jacqueline I. Kroschwitz (1986). Emulsion Polymerization to Fibers, Manufacture, Volume 6, Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, 2nd Edition, Wiley Interscience. New York, US. ISBN 10: 0471800503 / ISBN 13: 9780471800507

      [13] Robbins, T.Keys (1993). The burning rate behaviour of pure nitrocellulose propellant samples, U.S Army Reseach Laboratory, Adelphi US.

      [14] Charles Selwitz, (1988). Cellulose nitrate in conservation, The Getty conservation Institute, USA.ISBN 0-89236-098-4

      [15] Fernandez de la Ossa, M.A ; Lopez M., Torre. (2011). Analytical techniques in the study of highly nitrated nitrocellulose. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 30. Elsevier, Netherlands.

      [16] Monforte, M. Las Pólvoras y sus aplicaciones.Vol. 1; UEE Explosivos: Madrid, Spain, 1992; pp 304-360.

      [17] MIL-DTL-244B, Detail Specification: Nitrocellulose (Superseeding Jan-N-244 and MIL-N-244A).

      [18] Giesen, Wim Stephan Wulfraat, Max Zieren and LiesbethScholten (2006). Mangrove Guidebook for South East Asia. RAP Publication, Australia.

      [19] Ramli, (2009), World Palm Poil Supply, Demand, Price and Prospects: Focus on Malaysian and Indonesian Palm Oil Industry

      [20] Vaca-Garcia, C., Borredon, M.E.*; Gaset A.(n.d), Determination of the degree of substitution (DS) of mixed cellulose esters by elemental analysis, Ecole Nationale Superieure d’Ingenieurs en Arts Chimiques et Technologiques, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Yolhamid, M. N. A. G., Ibrahim, F., Amir, M. A. U., Ibrahim, R., Adnan, S., & Yahya, M. Z. A. (2018). The Processing of Nitrocellulose from Rhizophora, Palm Oil Bunches (EFB) and kenaf fibres as a Propellant Grade. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.29), 59-65. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.29.21844

    Received date: 2018-11-27

    Accepted date: 2018-11-27

    Published date: 2018-11-26