The Synthesis of Agar Silicone Biocomposite and Its Mechanical Properties

  • Authors

    • Nurul Nadiah Azmi
    • Jamaluddin Mahmud
    • Mohd Juzaila Abd Latif
    2018-11-30
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.26.22164
  • synthesise, silicone rubber, biocomposite, agar, silicone

  • Silicone rubber is widely used in the medical field, whereas agar is widely used as a medium to breed bacteria or to carry the active ingredient for a specific purpose. There are few synthetic skins available in the market that are made of silicone, such as Biobrane, Integra and Transcyte, to name a few. Meanwhile, in a previous study, agar is used to carry the active ingredients in turmeric to the wounded skin and expedite its recovery. However, up to date, there is no available skin substitute with the ability for carrying bioactive ingredient that would expedite wound healing and anti-bacterial properties. Hence, this study aims to synthesise a new biocomposite that could mimic skin mechanical properties with the future potential to carry bioactive ingredient via agar particles. The material constants for this newly developed agar slicone biocomposite are determined using Neo- Hookean, Mooney-Rivlin and Ogden models. This research consists of two main stages; which is the synthesis and the determination of the mechanical properties of agar silicone biocomposite, via experimental and numerical approach. The experimental approach involves testing the biocomposite under uniaxial tensile test, while the numerical approach involves curve fitting method using a Matlab programme. The calculated parameter for Neo-Hookean (C1) ranges from 52-57 kPa for all variances of agar silicone biocomposite. As for Mooney-Rivlin, the values are of 34-38 kPa and 47- 54 kPa for C1 and C2 re spectively. Ogden parameters (Ogden coefficient, µ and Ogden exponent, α) for agar silicone biocomposites are 48-54 kPa; 2.17-2.19 (µ;α). The material constants of agar silicone biocomposites lays within the range of human tissue and skin, as well as animal skin; thus proving that agar silicone biocomposite could deform nearly the same as skin. Therefore, it can be concluded that this study has significant contribution to better understand the mechanical properties of the newly developed agar silicone biocomposite.

     

  • References

    1. [1] Azmi NN ,Hussain AK and Mahmud J, Kenaf Silicone Biocomposites: Synthesis and its Hyperelastic Behaviour Materials Science Forum, Vol. 900, pp. 12-16, 2017

      [2] JankauskaitÄ— V., Abzalbekuly B., LisauskaitÄ— A., ProcyÄevas I., FataraitÄ— E., VitkauskienÄ— A., Janakhmetov U. Silicone Rubber and Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites with Antimicrobial Properties Materials Science (MEDŽIAGOTYRA) Vol. 20, No. 1. 2014

      [3] Guillon M & Maissa C. Use Of Silicone Hydrogel Material For Daily Wear Contact Lens & Anterior Eye 30 p. 5–10, 2007

      [4] Hou J, Bonser RHC, Jeronimidis G. Design of a Biomimetic Skin for an Octopus-Inspired Robot– Part II: Development of the Skin Artefact Journal of Bionic Engineering , vol 8: p. 297-304, 2011.

      [5] Wu Y, Geng F,Chang PR, Yu J, Ma X. Effect of Agar on the Microstructure and Performance of Potato Starch Film, Carbohydrate Polymers, vol 76: p.299-304, 2009.

      [6] Saraswathy N, Rohit R, Shanmugam K, Sozeeswari SC, Ramalingam P. A Preliminary Investigation of Turmeric-Agar composite film as bioactive Wound Dressing mmaterial on Excision Wound in Rat Model Journal of Natural Products and Resources, Vol. 3(2), p. 237-241, 2012.

      [7] Mahmud L, Adull Manan NF, Ismail MH, Mahmud J. Characterisation of Soft Tissues Biomechanical Properties Using 3D Numerical Approach IEEE Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC), p. 801-806, 2013

      [8] Mahmud J, Evans S, Holt C, Adull Manan NF. Quantifying Skin Properties Using a Novel Integration Experiment-Finite Element Simulation and Skin Pre-Stretch Model Advanced Science Letters, American Scientific Publishers. p. 3155-3160, 2013

      [9] Kao PH et al., A Microstructurally-Driven Model for Pulmonary Artery Tissue Journal Of Biomechanical Engineering, vol 133(5): p. 051002-051002, 2011

      [10] Chen K, Weiland JD, Mechanical properties of orbital fat and its encapsulating connective tissue J Biomech Eng, vol 133(6): p. 064505, 2011.

      [11] Watton PN, Ventikos Y, Holzapfel GA, Modelling the mechanical response of elastin for arterial tissue Journal of Biomechanics, vol 42: p. 1320-1325, 2009.

      [12] Chen Z, Diebels S. Nanoindentation of hyperelastic polymer layers at finite deformation and parameter re-identification Arch Appl Mech, 2012: p. 1041-1056.

      [13] Mohd. Yusop SH, Investigating the Biomechanical Properties of Fresh Goat Skin, Natural Dried Skin & Leather MSc Thesis, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering. 2016, Universiti Teknologi MARA.

      [14] Mahmud J, Holt CA, Evans SL, An innovative application of a small-scale motion analysis technique to quantify human skin deformation in vivo Journal of Biomechanics, 43: p. 1002–1006, 2010.

      [15] Shergold OA., Fleck NA, Radford D, The uniaxial stress versus strain response of pig skin and silicone rubber at low and high strain rates International Journal of Impact Engineering, vol 32(9): p. 1384-1402, 2006.

      [16] Kim B, et al., “A comparison among Neo-Hookean model, Mooney-Rivlin model, and Ogden model for chloroprene rubberâ€, International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 13(5): p. 759-764,2012.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Nadiah Azmi, N., Mahmud, J., & Juzaila Abd Latif, M. (2018). The Synthesis of Agar Silicone Biocomposite and Its Mechanical Properties. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.26), 185-189. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.26.22164