Leg Length Discrepancy Effects on Range of Motion in Lower Limb During Walking

  • Authors

    • N. A. Azizan
    • D. A. Salhani
    • K. S. Basaruddin
    • A. F. Salleh
    • W. M. R. Rusli
    • A. R. Sulaiman
    2018-11-30
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22323
  • Discrepancy, Hip Joint, Knee Joint, Range of Motion

  • Abstract

    Leg length discrepancy (LLD) refers to the medical condition where both legs are noticeable unequal length that could affect the gait and posture, thus may lead to various orthopedic disorders that can have serious repercussions on the individual. In order to ameliorate the rehabilitation of individuals with LLD, it is important to understand the biomechanics of LLD in these individuals. This paper
    presents a study to investigate on the effect of LLD on the hip and knee joint range of motion. Sandal with insoles was used to simulate the artificial LLD. The sandal’s thickness was increased starting from 0.5 cm up to 4.0 cm with 0.5 cm increment. Eighteen healthy
    subject need to walk over two force plates. Visual 3D and Qualisys Track Manager (QTM) system were employed for data processing. ROM was compared using the one-way blocked analysis of variance and paired t-test. The results showed that a statistically significance difference in hip and knee ROM for long leg in frontal and sagittal direction, respectively. The ROM for hip was found significance at the minimum LLD level of 2.5 cm while for knee at 1.0 cm. No significance difference found in hip and knee ROM for short leg.

  • References

    1. [1] KJ Murray & Azari MF (2015), Leg length discrepancy and osteoarthritis in the knee, hip and lumbar spine. J. Can. Chiropr. Assoc., Vol. 59, No. 3, pp. 226–37.

      [2] Azizan NA, Basaruddin KS, Salleh AF, Razak A, Juhairi M, Safar A, Mohd W & Rusli R (2018), Leg Length Discrepancy : Dynamic balance response during gait. Journal of Healthcare Engineering.

      [3] Azizan NA, Basaruddin KS & Salleh AF (2018), Review Article The Effects of Leg Length Discrepancy on Stability and Kinematics-Kinetics Deviations : A Systematic Review. Applied Bionic and Biomechanics.

      [4] Khalifa AA (2017), Leg Length Discrepancy: Assessment and Secondary Effects. Orthop. Surg. Dep., vol. 6, no. 1.

      [5] Zabri SWKA, KS Basaruddin, Salleh AF, Rusli WMR & Daud R(2017), Effect of leg length inequality on body weight distribution during walking with load: A pilot study. AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1885.

      [6] Zabri SWKA, Basaruddin KS, Salleh AF, Rusli WMR & Basah SN (2018), Leg Length Inequality Effects on Ground and Lower Extremity Joint Reaction Forces during Walking. J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Eng., Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 141–145.

      [7] Saraph V, Zwick EB, Steinwender G, Auner C, Schneider F & Linhart W (2006), Leg lengthening as part of gait improvement surgery in cerebral palsy: an evaluation using gait analysis. Vol. 23, pp. 83–90.

      [8] Othman NF, Basaruddin KS, Som MHM, Salleh AF, Sakeran H & Daud R (2018), Effect of Leg Length Discrepancy on Joint Contact Force during Gait Using Motion Tracking System: A Pilot Test. J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Eng., Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 125–129.

      [9] De E (2007), Biomechanical Analysis of Hip and Knee Joints. J. Orthopaedlc Sport. Phys. Ther., vol. 15, pp. 267–271.

      [10] Resende RA, Kirkwood RN, Deluzio KJ, Cabral S & Fonseca ST (2016), Biomechanical strategies implemented to compensate for mild leg length discrepancy during gait. Gait Posture, Vol. 46, pp. 147–153.

      [11] Resende RA, Kirkwood RN, Deluzio KJ, Morton AM & Fonseca ST (2016), Mild leg length discrepancy affects lower limbs, pelvis and trunk biomechanics of individuals with knee osteoarthritis during gait. Clin. Biomech., Vol. 38, pp. 1–7.

      [12] Yamin NAAA, Basaruddin KS, Rusli WMR, Salleh AF, Razak NA, & Muhamad WZAW (2016), Effect of surface hardness on three-segment foot kinematics during barefoot running. Int. J. Mech. Mechatronics Eng., Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 18–26.

      [13] Azizan NA, Basaruddin KS, Salleh AF, Sakeran H, Sulaiman AR & Cheng EM (2018), The Effect of Structural Leg Length Discrepancy on Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Spatial- Temporal Gait Parameter: Pilot Study,†Vol. 10, pp. 1–5.

      [14] Yamin NAAA, Amran MNA, Basaruddin KS, Salleh AF & Rusli WMR (2017), Ground reaction force response during running on different surface hardness. ARPN J. Eng. Appl. Sci., vol. 12, no. 7.

      [15] Khamis S & Carmeli E (2018), The effect of simulated leg length discrepancy on lower limb biomechanics during gait. Gait Posture, Vol. 61, No. December 2017, pp. 73–80.

      [16] Abu-faraj ZO, Ph D & Member IS (2015), Leg Length Discrepancy: A Study on In-Shoe Plantar Pressure Distribution. 2015 8th Int. Conf. Biomed. Eng. Informatics (BMEI 2015), no. Bmei, pp. 381–385.

      [17] Venturni C, Andre A, Prates A & Giacomelli B (2006), Reliability of two evaluation methods of active range of motion in teh ankle of healthy individuals. Rev. Acta Fisiátrica, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 39–43.

      [18] Hebenstreit F, Leibold A, Krinner S, Welsch G, Lochmann M & Eskofier BM (2015), Effect of walking speed on gait sub phase durations. Hum. Mov. Sci., vol. 43, pp. 118–124.

      [19] Yazdifar M, Yazdifar MR, Mahmud J, Esat I & Chizari M (2013), Evaluating the hip range of motion using the goniometer and video tracking methods. Procedia Eng., Vol. 68, pp. 77–82.

      [20] Kim SH, Kwon OY, Park KN, Jeon IC & Weon JH (2015), Lower extremity strength and the range of motion in relation to squat depth. J. Hum. Kinet., vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 59–69.

      [21] Fallis A (2013), Angular Kinematics. J. Chem. Inf. Model., vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 1689–1699.

      [22] Mika A, Oleksy Å, Mika P, Marchewka A & Clark BC (2012), The influence of heel height on lower extremity kinematics and leg muscle activity during gait in young and middle-aged women. Gait Posture, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 677–680.

      [23] Mukaka MM (2013), Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Med. J., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 69–71.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Azizan, N. A., Salhani, D. A., Basaruddin, K. S., Salleh, A. F., Rusli, W. M. R., & Sulaiman, A. R. (2018). Leg Length Discrepancy Effects on Range of Motion in Lower Limb During Walking. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.30), 374-376. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.30.22323

    Received date: 2018-11-29

    Accepted date: 2018-11-29

    Published date: 2018-11-30