Probable Maximum Precipitation Comparison using Hershfield’s Statistical Method and Hydro-Meteorological Method for Sungai Perak Hydroelectric Scheme

  • Authors

    • Razali J
    • Sidek L.M
    • Rashid M.A
    • Hussein A
    • M. Marufuzzaman
    2018-11-30
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22922
  • , Herhfield’s Statistical, Hydro-meteorological, Probable Maximum Precipitation, overtopping

  • One of the potential risks attributed to the occurrence of dam overtopping and dam wall failure due to the inadequacy of the spillway capacities is the loss of life and property damages in the downstream area. The current practices in most countries in minimizing these risks are by analyzing the extreme precipitation that leads to extreme flood. Extreme precipitation is best known as Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP) and this estimation is useful in determining Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) in reviewing the spillway adequacy of dam structures. This paper presented PMP estimations using two approaches; physical method (Hydro-meteorological Method) and statistical approach (Hershfield’s Method) at the Sungai Perak Hydroelectric Scheme that consists of four cascading dams namely Temengor dam, Bersia dam, Kenering dam and Chenderoh dam. The highest PMP estimates from these two methods will be chosen as the rainfall input to establish PMF hydrographs. Estimations using Hydro-meteorological generalized map produces 40-50% higher estimates compared to Hersfield’s method with the PMP values of 550mm (1hours), 600mm (3hours), 800mm (6hours), 820mm (12hours), 1300mm (24hour) and 1600mm (72 hours). Accepting the Hydro-meteorological Method to determine PMF values for this hydroelectric scheme may be the best course since the estimations of the extreme precipitations using this method are the highest.

  • References

    1. [1] Sidek L., Basri H., Lee L.K., Foo K.Y., “The performance of gross pollutant trap for water quality preservation: a real practical application at the Klang Valley, Malaysiaâ€, Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol. 57, No. 52, pp.24733-24741, 2016.

      [2] Al-Ani I. A. R., Sidek L. M., Desa M. M. N., and Basri A. N. E., “Knowledge-based expert system for stormwater management in Malaysia,†J. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 381–388, 2012.

      [3] Fai CM, Bakar MFBA, Roslan MAAB, Fadzailah FAB, Idrus MFZB, Ismail NFB, Sidek LM, and Basri H, “Hydrological per-formance of native plant species within extensive green roof system in Malaysiaâ€. ARPN J Eng Appl Sci, Vol.10, No.15, pp.6419-6423, 2015.

      [4] Chow MF, Abu Bakar MF, Sidek LM, Basri H, “Effects of substrate types on runoff retention performance within the extensive green roofsâ€, J Eng Appl Sci, 12(21), pp. 5379-5383, 2017.

      [5] Ayub KR, Sidek LM, Ainan A, Zakaria NA, Ghani AA, Rozi A, “Storm water treatment using bio-ecological drainage systemâ€, Int J River Basin Manage, 3(3), pp. 215-221, 2005.

      [6] N. Othman, N. E. A. Basri, M. N. M. Yunus, L. M. Sidek, and N. A. Othman, “Potential of electronic plastic waste as a source of raw material and energy recoveryâ€, Sains Malaysiana, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 707–715, 2009.

      [7] Hafiz, I., Sidek, L.M., Basri, H., Fukami, K., Hanapi, M.N., Livia, L. & Jaafar, A.S., “Integrated flood analysis system (IFAS) for Kelantan river basinâ€, IEEE 2nd International Symposium on Telecommunication Technologies, Article number 7238196, pp. 159-162, 2015.

      [8] Lariyah, M.S., Mohiyaden, H.A., Hayder, G., Hayder, G., Hussein, A., Basri, H., Sabri, A.F. And Noh, M.N., “Application of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed Activated Sludge (IFAS) for Biological River Water Purification System: A Short Reviewâ€, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Vol. 32, No. 1, p. 012005, 2016.

      [9] WMO (World Meteorological Organization).. “Manual on Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP)â€. World Meteorological Organization (WMO), (2009). pp.iv-256,

      [10] Hussain, M., Nadya, S., & Chia, F. J. “Estimating Probable Maximum Precipitation for Linau River Basin in Sarawakâ€, UNIMAS e-Journal of Civil Engineering (UeJCE),Vol.5, No.3, (2015),pp.1–5, available online :http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php

      [11] Al, L. S. et.al. “Probable Maximum Precipitation ( PMP ) over the mountainous region of Cameron Highlands- Batang Padang Catchment of Malaysiaâ€, 4th International Conference on Energy and Environment 2013 (ICEE 2013)., Vol.16, No.1, (2013) pp.2–6, available online: https://sci-hub.tw/http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1755-1315/16/1/012049/meta

      [12] WMO,. Intercomparison of Models of Snowmelt Runoff.Operational Hydrology Report No. 23, World MeteorologicalOrganization, Geneva, (1986)

      [13] Bairwa, R. A. J. K. Types of Hydropower plants. Environmental Protection, (2002).

      [14] Hj. Ahmand Jamalluddin bin Shaaban et al., “Estimation of PMP Based on Statistical Methods. In, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) Technical Research Publication No.1 (TRP 1) – Derivation of Probable Maximum Precipitation for Design Floods in Malaysiaâ€, : Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, (2008)., (pp. 6-1 – 6-15).

      [15] Hershfield, D.M.. (1965). Method for estimating probable maximum precipitation. J. Am. Waterworks Assoc.. 57. 965-972.

      [16] Hershfield, D.M.. (1961). Estimating the Probable Maximum Precipitation. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE. 87. 99-106.

      [17] Cranbrook, Earl; Edwards, D. S., Belalong, a tropical rainforest, Sun Tree Publishing, (1994), pp.xv + 389 pp.

      [18] Putuhena, F. J.,â€Probable Maximum Precipitation ( PMP ) Analysis for Bakun Dam Areaâ€, UNIMAS E-Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol.2, No.2, (2011), pp.53-59,available online: http://publisher.unimas.my/ojs/index.php/JCEST/article/view/95.

      [19] Sarawak Electricity Supply Cooperation, & the National Electricity Board of Malaya. “Bakun Hydro-electric Project, Feasibility Reportâ€, Sarawak: German Agency for Technical Cooperation Ltd. Consortium, SAMA Volume III, Appendix E. (1983). ,

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    J, R., L.M, S., M.A, R., A, H., & Marufuzzaman, M. (2018). Probable Maximum Precipitation Comparison using Hershfield’s Statistical Method and Hydro-Meteorological Method for Sungai Perak Hydroelectric Scheme. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.35), 603-608. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.22922