Pollutant Loading Analysis of Suspended Solid, Nitrogen and Phosphorus at Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands using MUSIC

  • Authors

    • N.S.M. Noh
    • L.M. Sidek
    • S.H. Haron
    • A. H. M. Puad
    • Z. Selamat
    2018-11-30
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23100
  • Pollutant loading, water quality modeling, stormwater, urban, Best Management Practices (BMPs)
  • This paper aimed to analyze the pollutant loading composition of suspended solids, nitrogen and phosphorus in urban stormwater at Cameron Highlands which known as popular tourism, agriculture and function as reservoir water to generate electricity. Researchers found the urban stormwater quantity modeling has achieved sufficient accuracy benchmark. However, modeling stormwater runoff quality is relatively difficult and largely depends on catchment characteristics/land-uses. Model of Urban Stormwater Improvement Conceptualization (MUSIC) estimates pollutant transport from catchments and stormwater treatment through different application of Best Management Practices (BMPs). Result obtained from the observed and calculated data was compared with MUSIC's estimations under a similar scenario where no applications of BMPs. As a second scenario, series of treatment train is propose for each sub-catchments based on the suitability and verification on site that consists of constructed stormwater treatment BMPs (wetlands, bio-retention, on-site detention, sediment basin and gross pollutant traps). Implementation of BMPs reduce nearly 100% of gross pollutant, 65% - 83% TSS, 40% - 66% TP and 52% - 78% due to effectiveness of BMPs in treating the pollutant within different landuse. As a summary, MUSIC can conceptually determine the effectiveness of BMPs without giving a detailed design.

  • References

    1. [1] Ferreira, C., Walsh R., and Ferreira A., Degradation in Urban Areas. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health, 2018.

      [2] Chow MF, Abu Bakar MF, Sidek LM, Basri H, 2017, Effects of substrate types on runoff retention performance within the extensive green roofs, J Eng Appl Sci, 12(21), pp. 5379-5383.

      [3] Kok KH, Sidek LM, Abidin MR, Basri H, Muda ZC, Beddu S., 2013, Evaluation of green roof as green technology for urban stormwater quantity and quality controls. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 16(1), Article Number 012045

      [4] Lariyah, M.S., Mohiyaden, H.A., Hayder, G., Hayder, G., Hussein, A., Basri, H., Sabri, A.F. And Noh, M.N., 2016. Application of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) and Integrated Fixed Activated Sludge (IFAS) for Biological River Water Purification System: A Short Review, IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 2016.

      [5] Fai CM, Bakar MFBA, Roslan MAAB, Fadzailah FAB, Idrus MFZB, Ismail NFB, Hydrological performance of native plant species within extensive green roof system in Malaysia. ARPNJ Eng Appl Sci 2015;10(15):6419-6423.

      [6] Chang, N.-B., et al., Global policy analysis of low impact development for stormwater management in urban regions. Land Use Policy, 2018. 70: p. 368-383.

      [7] Revuelta, M.B., Environment and Sustainability, in Mineral Resources. 2018, Springer. p. 531-614.

      [8] Campbell, H.E. and Corley E.A., Water, in Urban Environmental Policy Analysis. 2015, Routledge. p. 185-216.

      [9] Pazwash, H., Urban stormwater management. 2016: Crc Press.

      [10] Wolfand, J.M., et al., Multiple Pathways to Bacterial Load Reduction by Stormwater Best Management Practices: Trade-Offs in Performance, Volume, and Treated Area. Environmental science & technology, 2018. 52(11): p. 6370-6379.

      [11] Ervural, B.C., Evren R., and Delen D., A multi-objective decision-making approach for sustainable energy investment planning. Renewable Energy, 2018. 126: p. 387-402.

      [12] Mispan, M., et al., The use of pesticides in agriculture area, Cameron Highlands. Age (years), 2015. 30(10.3): p. 22-60.

      [13] Ismail, B., Siti H., and Talib L., Pesticide residue levels in the surface water of the irrigation canals in The Muda Irrigation Scheme Kedah, Malaysia. IJBAS-IJENS, 2012. 12(6): p. 85-90.

      [14] Haron, S.H., et al. Non-point sources of pollution identification in Cameron Highlands using ArcGIS. in Nationwide GIS Application Conference Proceedings. 2014.

      [15] Jajarmizadeh M, Sidek LM, Mirzai M, Alaghmand S, Harun S, Majid MR., 2016, Prediction of Surface Flow by Forcing of Climate Forecast System Reanalysis Data, Water Resource Management, 30(8), pp. 2627-2640.

      [16] Al-Ani IAR, Sidek LM, Desa MMN, Ahmad Basri NE., 2012, Knowledge-based expert system for stormwater management in Malaysia, J Environ Sci Technol, 5(5), pp. 381-388.

      [17] Ayub KR, Sidek LM, Ainan A, Zakaria NA, Ghani AA, Rozi A, 2005, Storm water treatment using bio-ecological drainage system, Int J River Basin Manage, 3(3), pp. 215-221.

      [18] Eisakhani M. and Malakahmad A., “Water quality assessment of Bertam river and its tributaries in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia,†World Appl. Sci. J., vol. 7(6), no. 6, pp. 769–776, 2009.

      [19] Weng T. K. and Chee B. W., “Water Quality Monitoring Using Biological Indicators in Cameron Highlands Malaysia,†J. Sustain. Dev., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 28–42, 2015.

      [20] Khalik W. M. A. W. M., Abdullah M. P., Amerudin N.A., and Padli N., “Physicochemical analysis on water quality status of Bertam River in Cameron Highlands, Malaysia,†J. Mater. Environ. Sci., vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 488–495, 2013.

      [21] Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Urban stormwater management for Malaysia: MSMA 2nd Edition. 2012.

      [22] Yusop Z., Tan L. W., Ujang Z., Mohamed M., and Nasir K.A, “Runoff quality and pollution loadings from a tropical urban catchment,†Water Sci. Technol., vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 125–132, 2005.

      [23] Razali A., Syed Ismail S.N., Awang S., Praveena S.M., and Zainal Abidin E., “Land use change in highland area and its impact on river water quality: a review of case studies in Malaysia,†Ecol. Process., vol. 7, no. 1, 2018.

      [24] McDowell R.W., Dils R.M., Collins A.L., Flahive K.A., Sharpley A.N., and Quinn J., “A review of the policies and implementation of practices to decrease water quality impairment by phosphorus in New Zealand, the UK, and the US,†Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosystems, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 289–305, 2016.

      [25] Sidek L., Basri H., Lee L.K., and Foo K.Y., “The performance of gross pollutant trap for water quality preservation: a real practical application at the Klang Valley, Malaysia,†Desalin. Water Treat., vol. 57, no. 52, pp. 24733–24741, 2016.

      [26] Li L. and Davis A.P., “Urban stormwater runoff nitrogen composition and fate in bioretention systems,†Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 48, no. 6, pp. 3403–3410, 2014.

      [27] Wu H. et al., “A review on the sustainability of constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: Design and operation,†Bioresour. Technol., vol. 175, pp. 594–601, 2015.

      [28] TNB Research Sdn Bhd, Reservoir Sedimentation for Ringlet, Susu, Jor Reservoir and Mahang Reservoirs in Cameron Highlands Batang Padang Hydroelectric Scheme. 2018. p. 53.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Noh, N., Sidek, L., Haron, S., Puad, A. H. M., & Selamat, Z. (2018). Pollutant Loading Analysis of Suspended Solid, Nitrogen and Phosphorus at Bertam Catchment, Cameron Highlands using MUSIC. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.35), 743-748. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23100