Goal-Directed Approach and Design Principle Approach: a Comparative Study

  • Authors

    • Hoo Meei Hao
    • Azizah Jaafar
    • Beh Hooi Ching
    2018-12-09
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.31.23364
  • Analysis hierarchical process, Design decision, Design pattern, Usability goal achievement.

  • Abstract

    Uncertainty arises from intuitive design, prioritize usability goal, trade-off among usability attributes, choose usability patterns, conflict opinion during evaluation are putting more difficulties for novice designers in design tasks. As previous studies focused on the effectiveness of novice designers through the use of design patterns, we extended the use of usability pattern to look into the delivery of prototype design. Furthermore, in the aspect of usability analysis, Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) technique was applied in the prioritization of usability criteria and usability problems. In this study, AHP is used to prioritize the usability goals and integrated with usability testing and cognitive walkthrough to affirm the result for better judgement. We developed the approach to guide novice designers for the achievement of the targeted usability goal and supported with a tool to capture the collective decisions in providing convinced result during comparative evaluation. We built the approach and compared it using an experimental study with the undergraduate students. Our results suggested that prototype designed by novice designers followed usability pattern approach would has more usability patterns applied into and was preferred by experts than using design principle approach.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Nielsen J (1992), The Usabilitv Engineering Life Cycle, Computers, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 12–22.

      [2] Jokela T, Koivumaa J, Pirkola J, Salminen P, & Kantola N, (2006), Methods for quantitative usability requirements: a case study on the development of the user interface of a mobile phone, Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 345–355.

      [3] Joshi A (2009), Usability Goals Setting Tool, 4th Workshop on Software and Usability Engineering Cross-Pollination: Usability Evaluation of Advanced Interfaces, Uppsala.

      [4] Joshi A & Sarda NL (2011), Do teams achieve usability goals? evaluating goal achievement with usability goals setting tool, in Human-Computer Interaction–INTERACT 2011, Springer, pp. 313–330.

      [5] Hudson JM & Viswanadha K (2009), Can ‘ Wow ’ Be a Design Goal ?, Interactions ACM, pp. 58–61.

      [6] Chong CY, Lee SP, & Ling TC (2014), Prioritizing and fulfilling quality attributes for virtual lab development through application of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and software development guidelines, Malaysian Journal of Computer Science, vol. 27, no. 1.

      [7] Ji YG, Jin BS, Mun JS, & Ko SM (2007), Development of AHP Model for Telematics Haptic, in Human Computer Interaction Part 1,LNCS 4550, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 517–526.

      [8] Pearson JM, Pearson A, & Green D (2007), Determining the importance of key criteria in web usability, Management Research News, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 816–828.

      [9] Shrestha S, Abdinnour-Helm S, & Chaparro BS (2008), Using the Analytic Hierarchical Process to Create a Single Usability Score for Website Interfaces, Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting, vol. 52, no. 16, pp. 1122–1126.

      [10] Pilgrim C (2007), User Goals and Web Site Navigation: Implications for the Design of Sitemaps, Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Information & Communication Technologies..

      [11] Ferré X, Juristo N, Windl H, & Constantine L (2001), Usability basics for software developers, IEEE software, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 22–29.

      [12] Seffah A & Metzker E (2009), On Usability and Usability Engineering, In: Adoption-centric Usability Engineering. London: Springer-Verlag London.

      [13] Mostow J & Rey M (1985), Toward Better Models Of The Design Process, AI magazine 6.1, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 44–57.

      [14] Alan D, Janet F, Gregory A, & Russell B, Human-computer interaction (2004), England: Pearson Education Limited, pp.259-260.

      [15] Schneiderman B, & Plaisant C (2010), Designing the User Interface- Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction. Boston,MA: Addison-Wesley, pp.88-89.

      [16] Nielsen J (1995), Ten usability heuristics for User Interface Design. Nielsen Norman Group, http://www.nngroup.com/articles/ten-usability-heuristics/. [Accessed December 19, 2013].

      [17] Preece J, Sharp H, & Rogers Y (2012), Interaction Design-beyond human-computer interaction. John Wiley & Sons.

      [18] Stone D, Jarrett C, Woodroffe M, & Minocha S (2005), User interface design and evaluation. Morgan Kaufmann.

      [19] Johnson J (2007), GUI bloopers 2.0: common user interface design don’ts and dos. Morgan Kaufmann.

      [20] Beck K & Cunningham W (1987), Using pattern languages for object-oriented programs, In Proceedings of OOPSLA, vol 87.

      [21] Borchers J (2001), A pattern approach to interaction design, AI & SOCIETY, vol. 15, no. August 2000, pp. 359–376.

      [22] Koukouletsos K, Khazaei B, Dearden A,& Ozcan M (2009), Teaching usability principles with patterns and guidelines, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, vol. 289, pp. 159–174.

      [23] Welie MV, Van Der Veer GC, & Eliëns A (2001), Patterns as Tools for User Interface Design, Tools for Working with Guidelines, pp. 313–324.

      [24] Wesson J, Cowley L, Elizabeth P, Box PO, & Africa S (2003), Designing with Patterns : Possibilities and Pitfalls, in Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Software and Usability Cross-Pollination: The role of Usability Patterns, INTERACT 2003.

      [25] Sun G, Yao S, & Carretero JA (2014), Comparing Cognitive Efficiency of Experienced and Inexperienced Designers in Conceptual Design Processes, Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 330–351, Jun. 2014.

      [26] Ahmed S, Wallace KM, & Blessing L (2003), Understanding the differences between how novice and experienced designers approach design tasks, Research in engineering design, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1–11.

      [27] Anwar R, Abidin SZ, & Hassan OH (2015), Understanding methodological solution in design situation of novice designer, in International Conference on Interactive Collaborative Learning (ICL), 2015, pp. 593–597.

      [28] Rogers Y (2004), New Theoretical Approaches for HCI, Annual review of information science and technology, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 87–143.

      [29] Holzinger A (2005), Usability Engineering Methods for Software Developers, Communications of the ACM, vol. 48, no. 1, pp. 71–74.

      [30] Mitta DA (1983), An Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process: A Rank-Ordering of Computer Interfaces, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society , vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 141–157.

      [31] Park KS & Lim CH (1999), A structured methodology for comparative evaluation of user interface designs using usability criteria and measures, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 23, pp. 379–389.

      [32] Omar HM & Jaafar A (2011), AHP_HeGES: Tools to evaluate usability of educational computer game (UsaECG), International Conference on User Science and Engineering (i-USEr), 2011, IEEE, pp. 73–76.

      [33] Kılıç Delice E & Güngör Z (2009), The usability analysis with heuristic evaluation and analytic hierarchy process, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 934–939.

      [34] Hoo MH & Jaafar A (2016), A Systematic Design towards Usability for Novice Designers, TELKOMNIKA, vol. 14, no. 2, 2016.

      [35] Dorst K (2008), Design research: a revolution-waiting-to-happen, Design studies, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 4–11.

      [36] Gasson S (2003), Human-centered Vs. User-centered Approaches to Information System Design, Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 29–46.

      [37] Hillier B, Musgrove J, & Sullivan PO (1972), Knowledge and design, Environmental design: research and practice, vol. 2, pp.1–3.

      [38] Fore D, Goldenhar LM, Margolis PA, & Seid M (2013), Using goal-directed design to create a novel system for improving chronic illness care, JMIR research protocols, vol. 2, no. 2.

      [39] Kerr SJ, Tan O, & Chua JC (2014), Cooking personas: Goal-directed design requirements in the kitchen, International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, vol. 72, no. 2, pp. 255–274.

      [40] Granlund A, Lafreniere D, & Carr DA (2001), A Pattern-Supported Approach to the User Interface Design Process, in Proceedings of HCI International 2001, 9th International Conference on Human-Computer Interation, pp. 1–5.

      [41] Welie MV & Trætteberg H (2000), Interaction patterns in user interfaces, in 7th. Pattern Languages of Programs Conference, pp. 13–16.

      [42] Thongmool G. & Phankokkruad M (2014), Analysis of interaction user interface patterns and usability study in computer assisted instruction for Tablet PC, IEEE International Conference in Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), pp. 472–477.

      [43] Borchers J (2002), Teaching HCI design patterns: Experience from two university courses, in Patterns in Practice A Workshop for UI Designers at CHI 2002 International Conference on Human Factors of Computing Systems, pp. 2005–12.

      [44] Lockton D, Harrison D, & Stanton NA (2013), Exploring design patterns for sustainable behaviour, The Design Journal, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 431–459.

      [45] Zou F, Hua Q, Wang X, & Guo L (2014), Design for multiple-user interfaces with usability patterns, in Computer Science and Applications: Proceedings of the 2014 Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Applications (CSAC 2014), Shanghai, China, 27-28 December 2014, 2015, pp. 389–392.

      [46] Kotzé P, Renaud K, Koukouletsos K, & Dearden A (2006), Patterns , Anti-Patterns and Guidelines – Effective Aids to Teaching HCI Principles ?,Proc. of The First Joint BCS/IFIP WG13. 1/ICS/EU CONVIVIO HCI Educators’ Workshop.

      [47] Tidwell J (2010), Designing Interfaces. O’Reilly Media, Inc.

      [48] Tidwell J (1998), Interaction design patterns, in Conference on Pattern Languages of Programming.

      [49] The Usability Group at the University of Brighton, The Brighton Usability Pattern Collection. http://www.cmis.brighton.ac.uk/research/patterns/home.html Revised February 1999. Accessed Novermber 10, 2013.

      [50] Perzel K & Kane D (1999), Usability patterns for applications on the world wide web, in PloP’99.

      [51] Folmer E & Bosch J (2004), Architecting for usability : a survey, The Journal of Systems and Software, vol. 70, pp. 61–78.

      [52] Saaty TL (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process. New York: McGraw Hill.

      [53] Saaty TL (2008), Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process, International Journal of Services Sciences, vol. 1, no. 1, p. 83.

      [54] Saaty TL & Islam R (2015), Hierarchon Vol 2: A dictionary of AHP Hierarchies, RWS Publications.

      [55] Saaty TL (1980), The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation, McGraw Hill International.

      [56] Hoo MH & Jaafar A (2015), Novice Assistance Tool and Methodology: Design Decision and Task-Pattern Mapping, Proceeding of the Electrical Engineering Computer Science and Informatics, vol. 2, no. 1.

      [57] Welie MV, Van Der Veer GC, & Eliëns A (2001), Patterns as Tools for User Interface Design, in Tools for Working with Guidelines, Springer London, pp. 313–324.

      [58] Folmer E, Gurp JV, and Bosch J (2003), A framework for capturing the relationship between usability and software architecture, Software Process: Improvement and Practice, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 67-87.

      [59] Pattern Factory, Patternry: Start building consistent web interfaces. http://patternry.com. Revised November 2013. Accessed January 19, 2014.

      [60] Brooke J (2013), SUS: a retrospective, Journal of Usability Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 29–40, 2013.

      [61] Brooke J (1996), SUS-A quick and dirty usability scale, Usability evaluation in industry, pp. 189–194.

      [62] Hoo MH & Jaafar A (2014), Goal prioritization and preliminary usability evaluation: An approach to assist novice designer, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 690–700.

      [63] Hoo MH & Jaafar A (2013), An AHP-based approach in the early design evaluation via usability goals, In International Visual Informatics Conference, Springer International Publishing, pp. 694-706.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Meei Hao, H., Jaafar, A., & Hooi Ching, B. (2018). Goal-Directed Approach and Design Principle Approach: a Comparative Study. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.31), 191-197. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.31.23364

    Received date: 2018-12-07

    Accepted date: 2018-12-07

    Published date: 2018-12-09