The Comparison of Children’s Anthropometrics and Motor Performance Relative Body Mass Index using Principle Component Analysis

  • Authors

    • Mohamad Razali Abdullah
    • Nuruaslizawati Ayob
    • Siti Musliha Mat-Rasid
    • Hafizan Juahir
    • Rabiu Muazu Musa
    • Ahmad Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki
    • Norlaila Azura Kosni
    • intan Afzan Aziz
    • Mohd Syaiful Nizam Abu Hassan
    • Mohd Khairi Zawi
    • Norzulaika Alias
    • Hanisah Azahari
    2018-12-13
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23585
  • Anthropometrics, Body mass index, Motor component, Principle component analysis.

  • This study aims to compare dominant factors of anthropometrics and motor component among children relative body mass index. A total 5819 primary school children (3243 boys and 2576 girls) aged 7.30±0.28 years old were subdivided into four groups according their Body Mass Index (BMI) namely underweight group (UWG), normal weight group (NWG), overweight group (OWG) and obese group (OBG). The parameters involved in this study are weight, height, standing broad jump (SBJ), sit and reach (SAR), hand wall toss (HWT) and 20 meter run (20MR). Method of Principle Components Analysis (PCA) was employed to ascertain the domain factors parameters for each BMI group. For boys and girls, initial PCA identifies two components with higher Eigen value (> 1). In first component VF1 for boys and girls, PCA after varimax rotation revealed two varifactors that are weight (> 0.90) and height (> 0.80) for all BMI group. Otherwise, second component VF2 for boys and girls revealed high factor loading on low muscular strength, hand-eye coordination and speed. This study indicates there is direct effect between motor proficiency and BMI among preschool population and revealed that primary school children with high body mass may have lower motor proficiency on explosive strength, coordination and speed compared with normal body mass.

     

  • References

    1. [1] Bahtiri, A., & Shala, M. (2012). Motor development: Exploring main motor skills of 6 years old Kosovar children. Sport Science, 1, 91-94.

      [2] Williams, H. G., Pfeiffer, K. A., O’Neill, J. R., Dowda, M., McIver, K. L., Brown, W. H., & Pate, R. R. (2008). Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity Journal, 16(6), 1421–1426.

      [3] Khalaj, N., & Amri, S. (2014). Mastery of gross motor skills in preschool and early elementary school obese children. Early Child Development and Care, 184(5), 795-802.

      [4] O’malley, G. R. A. C. E., Ring-Dimitriou, S., Nowicka, P., Vania, A., Frelut, L., Farpour-Lambert, N., Weghuber, D., & Thivel, D. (2017). Physical activity and physical fitness in pediatric obesity: What are the first steps for clinicians? Expert conclusion from the 2016 ECOG workshop. International Journal of Exercise Science, 10(4), 487.

      [5] Sharma, R., & Nigam, A. K. (2011). A study of body mass index in relation to motor fitness components of school going children involved in physical activities. Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, 7(1), 29.

      [6] Flynn, M. A. T., McNeil, D. A., Maloff, B., Mutasingwa, D., Wu, M., Ford, C., & Tough, S. C. (2006). Reducing obesity and related chronic disease risk in children and youth: A synthesis of evidence with ‘best practice’recommendations. Obesity Reviews, 7(s1), 7-66.

      [7] Cena, H., & Turconi, G. (2007). Epidemiology of obesity. In D. Bagchi, & H. Preuss (Eds.), Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Prevention. Florida: CRC Press. pp. 3-19.

      [8] Cheung, P. C., Ip, P. L., Lam, S. T., & Bibby, H. (2007). A study on body weight perception and weight control behaviours among adolescents in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Medical Journal, 13(1), 16-21.

      [9] Ogden, C. L., Carrol, M. D., Kit, B. K., & Flegal, K. M. (2014). Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Journal of the American Medical Association, 311(8), 806-814.

      [10] Sakamaki, R., Toyama, K., Amamoto, R., Liu, C. J., & Shinfuku, N. (2005). Nutritional knowledge, food habits and health attitude of Chinese university students–A cross sectional study. Nutrition Journal, 4(1), 1-5.

      [11] Abdullah, M. R., Maliki, M., Husin, A. B., Musa, R. M., Kosni, N. A., Juahir, H., & Haque, M. (2016). Multi-hierarchical pattern recognition of athlete's relative performance as a criterion for predicting potential athletes. Journal of Young Pharmacists, 8(4), 463-470.

      [12] Mat-Rasid, S. M., Abdullah, M. R., Juahir, H., Musa, R. M., Maliki, A. B. H. M., Adnan, A., Kosni, N. A., Eswaramoorthi, V., & Alias, N. (2017). Relative age effect in physical attributes and motor fitness at different birth-month quartile. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 9(2S), 521-538.

      [13] Musa, R. M., Abdullah, M. R., Maliki, A. B. H. M., Kosni, N. A., & Haque, M. (2016). The application of principal components analysis to recognize essential physical fitness components among youth development archers of Terengganu, Malaysia. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(44), 1-6.

      [14] Dona, G., Preatoni, E., Cobelli, C., Rodano, R., & Harrison, A. J. (2009). Application of functional principal component analysis in race walking: An emerging methodology. Sports Biomechanics, 8(4), 284-301.

      [15] Harman, H. H. (1976). Modern factor analysis. University of Chicago Press.

      [16] Klein, M., Emrich, E., Schwarz, M., Papathanassiou, V., Pitsch, W., Kindermann, W., & Urhausen, A. (2004). Sport-motoric performance capacity of children and adolescents in the Saarland-Selected results of the IDEFIKS-Study (part 2). Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Sportmedizin, 55(9), 211-220.

      [17] Manage, A. B., & Scariano, S. M. (2013). An introductory application of principal components to cricket data. Journal of Statistics Education, 21(3), 1-22.

      [18] Pongprapai, S., Mosuwan, L., & Leelasamran, W. (1994). Physical fitness of obese school children in Hat Yai, southern Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 25(2), 354–360.

      [19] Deforche, B., Lefevre, J., Bourdeaudhuij, I., Hills, A. P., Duquet, W., & Bouckaert, J. (2003). Physical fitness and physical activity in obese and nonobese Flemish youth. Obesity, 11(3), 434-441.

      [20] Sur, H., Kolotourou, M., Dimitriou, M., Kocaoglu, B., Keskin, Y., Hayran, O., & Manios, Y. (2005). Biochemical and behavioral indices related to BMI in schoolchildren in urban Turkey. Preventive Medicine, 41(2), 614-621.

      [21] Bouchard, C., Dionne, F. T., Simoneau, J. A., & Boulay, M. R. (1992). 2: Genetics of aerobic and anaerobic performances. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 20(1), 27-58.

      [22] Huang, Y. C., & Malina, R. M. (2002). Physical activity and health-related physical fitness in Taiwanese adolescents. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 21(1), 11-19.

      [23] Katzmarzyk, P. T., Craig, C. L., & Bouchard, C. (2001). Original article underweight, overweight and obesity: Relationships with mortality in the 13-year follow-up of the Canada Fitness Survey. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54(9), 916-920.

      [24] Johnson, M. S., Figueroa-Colon, R., Herd, S. L., Fields, D. A., Sun, M., Hunter, G. R., & Goran, M. I. (2000). Aerobic fitness, not energy expenditure, influences subsequent increase in adiposity in black and white children. Pediatrics, 106(4), e50-e50.

      [25] Astrup, A. (1999). Macronutrient balances and obesity: The role of diet and physical activity. Public Health Nutrition, 2(3a), 341-347.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Razali Abdullah, M., Ayob, N., Musliha Mat-Rasid, S., Juahir, H., Muazu Musa, R., Bisyri Husin Musawi Maliki, A., Azura Kosni, N., Afzan Aziz, intan, Syaiful Nizam Abu Hassan, M., Khairi Zawi, M., Alias, N., & Azahari, H. (2018). The Comparison of Children’s Anthropometrics and Motor Performance Relative Body Mass Index using Principle Component Analysis. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.34), 81-85. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23585