Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Herbal Tea

  • Authors

    • Mazaitul Akma Suhaimi
    • Lee-Hoon Ho
    • John-Yew-Huat Tang
    • Kamarul ‘ Ain Mustafa
    2018-12-29
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.43.25826
  • Antibacterial activity, herbal tea, betel leaves, lemongrass stem, foodborne pathogen.

  • Betel (Piper betle) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) are well known medicinal plant that exhibit good antimicrobial properties. This study aims to investigate antibacterial potency of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Tea (LSBT). Four herbal infusions formulations (B-100:L-0, B-95:L-5, B-85:L-15 and B-75:L-25) with different percentage of betel leaves and lemongrass stem powder were prepared. These herbal infusions were tested against four foodborne pathogens, which are Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) (Gram-positive cocci) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218) (Gram negative bacteria) using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) assays were determined by broth dilution method. B-100:L-0 showed strongest antimicrobial properties with inhibition zones of 28.5 ± 0.71 to 29.0 ± 1.41 mm and 10.0 ± 0.00 mm for S. aureus and E.coli, respectively. Moreover, B-100:L-0 infusion also showed the lowest MIC (0.63 mg/mL) and MBC (1.25 mg/mL) values for S. aureus as well as the lowest MIC (5.0 mg/mL) value for E.coli. In conclusion, all four formulations of the herbal tea showed inhibitions against S. aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) and E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218). However, Gram-negative bacteria were more resistant to antibacterial effects of the herbal tea. It can be suggested that the use of B-100:L-0 would be hepful in the treatment of infections caused by  S. aureus (ATCC 29213 and ATCC 33591) and E. coli (ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218).

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Friedman, M. (2007) Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas. Molecular Nutrition and Research Journal 51(1), 116-1134.

      [2] Caburian, A. B. & Osi, M. O. (2010) Characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper betle L. International Scientific Research Journal 2(1), 1-13.

      [3] Spellberg, B., Bartlett, J. G. and Gilbert, D. N. (2013) The future of antibiotics and resistance. New England Journal of Medicine 368(4), 299-302.

      [4] Jones, A. W. (2011) Early drug discovery and the rise of pharmaceutical chemistry. Drug Testing and Analysis 3(6), 337-344.

      [5] Ching, W. Y., Yusadli, Y, Wan-Nurdiyana, W. A. (2014) Extraction of essential oil from Curcuma longa. Journal of Food Chemistry and Nutrition 2(1), 1-10.

      [6] Abreu, A. C., McBain, A. J. & Simoes, M. (2012) Plants as sources of new antimicrobials and resistance-modifying agents. Natural Product Reports 29, 1007–1021.

      [7] Ghosh, S., Chisti, Y. & Banerjee U. C. (2012) Production of shikimic acid. Biotechnology Advanced 30, 1425–1431.

      [8] Begum, S., Naqvi, S. Q. Z., Ahmed, A., Tauseef, S. & Siddiqui, B. S. (2012) Antimycobacterial and antioxidant activities of reserpine and its derivatives. Molecular Nutrition and Research Journal 26, 2084–2088.

      [9] Zakaria, Z., Sreenivasan, S. & Mohamad, M. (2007) Antimicrobial activity of Piper ribesoides root extract against gram positive bacteria. Journal of Applied Biological Sciences 1(3), 87-90.

      [10] González-Lamothe, R., Mitchell, G., Gattuso, M., Diarra, M. S., Malouin, F. & Bouarab, K. (2009) Plant antimicrobial agents and their effects on plant and human pathogens. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10(8), 3400-3419.

      [11] Bennet, R., Vijayalakshmi, S., Raj, D. R., & Yuvaraj, J. (2016) Formulation and sensory evaluation of tisanes. International Jornal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 7(4),115-120.

      [12] Aoshima, H., Hirata, S. & Ayabe, S. (2007) Antioxidant and anti-hydrogen peroxide activities of various herbal teas. Food Chemistry 103(2), 617-677.

      [13] Si, W., Gong, J., Tsao, R., Kalab, M., Yang, R., & Yin, Y. (2006) Bioassay-guided purification and identification of antimicrobial components in Chinese green tea extract. Journal of Chromatography A 1125, 204-210.

      [14] Sreeramulu, G., Zhu, Y., & Knol, W. (2000) Kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48(6), 2589-2594.

      [15] Yoo, S., Murata, R. M., & Duarte, S. (2011) Antimicrobial traits of tea and cranberry derived polyphenols against Streptococcus mutans. Caries Research 45(4), 327_335.

      [16] Proestos, C., Boziaris, I., Kapsokefalou, S. M., & Komaitis, M. (2008) Natural antioxidant constituents from selected aromatic plants and their antimicrobial activity against selected pathogenic microorganisms. Food Technology and Biotechnology 46(2), 151-156.

      [17] Pin, K. Y., Lukmaq, C. A., Abdull, R. A., Mazura, M. P. & Fadzureena, J. (2010) Antioxidant and anti-imflamatoey activities of betel leaf (Piper betle) from solvents with different polarities. Journal of Tropical Forest Science 22, 448 – 455.

      [18] Adate, P. S., Parmesawaran, D. S. & Chauhan,Y. (2012) In vitro anthelmintic activity of stem extracts of Piper betle Linn against Pheritima posthuma. Pharmacognossy Journal 4, 61-65.

      [19] Nagori, K., Singh, M. K., Alexander, A., Kumar, T., Dewangan, D. & Badwaik, H. (2011) Piper betle L.: A review on its ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacological profile and profiling by new hyphenated technique DART-MS (Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry). Journal of Pharmacy Research 4(9), 2991-2997.

      [20] Datta, A., Ghoshdastidar, S. & Singh, M. (2011) Antimicrobial property of Piper betel leaf against clinical isolates of bacteria. International Journal of Pharmacy and Science Research 2, 104-109.

      [21] Abrahim, N. N., Kanthimathi, M. S. & Abdul-Aziz, A. (2012) Piper betle shows antioxidant activities, inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation and increases activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 12, 10.1186/1472-6882-12-220.

      [22] Paranjpe, R., Gundala, S. R., Lakshminarayana, N., Sagwal, A., Asif, G. & Pandey, A. (2013) Piper betel leaf extract: anticancer benefits and bio-guided fractionation to identify active principles for prostate cancer management. Carcinogenesis 34, 1558-1566.

      [23] Chakraborty, D. & Shah, B. (2011) Antimicrobial, antioxidative and antihemolytic activity of Piper betel leaf extracts. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 3, 192-199.

      [24] Balaji, K., Lisa, T., Sarnnia, Tan, S. K. & Mirza, B. (2011) Antibacterial activity of Piper betel leaves. International Journal of Pharmacy Teaching and Practices 2, 129-132.

      [25] Shah, G., Shri, R., Phanchal, V., Sharma, S., Singh, B. & Man A.S. (2011) Scientific basis for the therapeutic use of Cymbopogon citratus, stapf (Lemongrass). Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research 2(1), 3-8.

      [26] Figueirinha, A., Paranhos, A., Perez-Alonso, J. J., Santos-Buelga, C. & Batista, M. A. (2008) Cymbopogon citratus leaves: Characterization of flavonoids by HPLC–PDA–ESI/MS/MS and an approach to their potential as a source of bioactive polyphenols. Journal of Food Chemistry 110(3), 718-728.

      [27] Ekpenyong, C. E., Akpan, E. E. & Daniel, E. (2014) Phytochemical constituents, therapeutic applications and toxicological profile of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (DC) leaf extract. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 3(1), 133-141.

      [28] Negrelle, R. R. B. & Gomes, E. C. (2007) Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf: chemical composition and biological activities. Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais 9, 80-92.

      [29] Calo, J. R., Crandall, P. G., O’Bryan, C. A. & Ricke, S. C. (2015) Essential oils as antimicrobials in food system. Food Control 54, 111-119.

      [30] Bharti, S. K., Kumar, A., Prakash, O., Khrishnan, S. & Gupta, A. K. (2013) Essential Oil of Cymbopogon citratus against Diabetes: Validation by in vivo Experiments and Computational Studies. Scientific Reports 2(3), 1-9.

      [31] Sherwani, S. K., Khan, M. M., Khan, M. U., Shah, M. A. & Kazmi, S. U. (2013) Evaluation of in vitro anthelmintic activity of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) extract. International Journal of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 4(6), 2722-2726.

      [32] Bauer, A., Kirby, W., Sherris, J., Truck, A. & Graevenitz, A. (1966) Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 45(4), 493-496.

      [33] Longtine, C. & Tejedor, A. (2017) Antimicrobial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of medicinally used tree ferns Alsophila cuspidata and Cyathea microdonta. Acta Botanica Malacitana 42, 119-123.

      [34] CLSI (2009) Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard—9th Edition. CLSI document M07-A9. Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.

      [35] Nouri, L. & Nafchi, A. M. (2014) Antibacterial, mechanical, and barrier properties of sago starch film incorporated with betel leaves extract. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 66, 254-259.

      [36] Tan, Y. & Chan, E. (2014) Antioxidant, antityrosinase and antibacterial properties of fresh and processed leaves of Anacardiumoccidentale and P. betle. Food Bioscience 6, 17–23.

      [37] Syahidah, A., Saad., C. R., Hassan, M. D., Rukayadi, Y., Norazian, M. H. & Kamarudin, M.S. (2017) Phytochemical analysis, identification and quantification of antibacterial active compounds in betel leaves, Piper betle methanolic extract. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 20, 70-81.

      [38] Bhalerao, S. A, Verma, D. R., Gavankar, R. V., Teli, N. C., Rane, Y. Y., Didwana, V. S, & Trikannad, A. (2013) Phytochemistry, Pharmacological profile and therapeutic uses of Piper betle Linn.: An overview. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 1, 10-19.

      [39] Ferreres, F., Oliveira, A. P., Gil-Izquierdo, A., Valentão, P. & Andrade, P. B. (2014) Piper betle leaves: Profiling phenolic compounds by HPLC/DAD-ESI/MS and anti-cholinesterase activity. Phytochemical Analysis 25, 453-460.

      [40] Dwivedi, V. & Tripathi, S. (2014) Review study on potential activity of Piper betle. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 93, 93-98.

      [41] Albert, V. & Ransangan, J. (2013) Antibacterial potential of plant crude extracts against Gram negative fish bacterial pathogens. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biosciences 3(2), 21-27.

      [42] Caburian, A. B. & Osi, M. O. (2010) Characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Piper betle L. E-International Scientific Research Journal 2(1), ISSN:2094-1749.

      [43] Olaiya, C. O., Ojebode, M. E. & Karigidi, K. O. (2016) Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus and Citrus sinensis. European Journal of Medicinal Plants 16(1), 1-10.

      [44] Nyarko, H. D., Barku, V. Y. & Batama, J. (2012) Antimicrobial examinations of Cymbopogon citratus and Adiatum capillus-veneris used in Ghanaian folkloric medicine, 2(2), ISSN: 2250-0480.

      [45] Burt, S. (2004) Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology 94, 223–253

      [46] Khan, A., Qureshi, R., Ullah, F., Gilani, S., Nosheen, A. & Sahreen, S. (2012) Phytochemical analysis of selected medicinal plants of Margala Hills and surroundings. Academic Journals 562-565.

      [47] Ewansiha, J. U., Garba, S. A., Mawak, J. D., & A., O. O. (2012) Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Lemongrass) and it's phytochemical properties. Frontiers in Science 2(6), 214-220.

      [48] Arias, M. E., Gomez, J. D., Cudmani, N. M., Vattuone, M. A. & Isla, M. I. (2004) Antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Acacia aroma Gill. ex Hook et Arn. Life Science 75, 191–202.

      [49] Anibijuwon, I. I., Gbala, A. D. & Ayanwale, O. O. (2016) Antibacterial activity of lemon grass (tea) against organisms of clinical origin. Nigerian Journal of Pure and Applied Science 29, 2769-2783.

      [50] Hartini, Y. S., Diaseptana, Y. M. S., Putri, R. N. & Susanti, L. E. (2018) Antagonistic antibacterial effect of betel and red betel combination against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 7(5), 267-272.

      [51] Hoque, M. M., Rattila, S., Shirshir, M. A., Bari, M. L., Inatsu, Y. & Kawamoto, S. (2011) Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of betel leaf (Piper betle L.) against some food borne pathogens. Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology 28(2), 58-63.

      [52] Taukoorah, U., Nall, N. & Mohomoodally, F. (2016) Piper betle L. (betel quid) shows bacteriostatic, additive, and synergistic antimicrobial action when combined with conventional antibiotics. South African Journal of Botany 105, 133–140.

      [53] Phumat, P., Khongkhuntian, S., Wanachantararak, P. & Okonogi, S. (2017) Potential of Piper betle extracts on inhibition of oral pathogens. Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics 11(6), 307-315.

      [54] Biswas, B., Rogers, K., McLaughlin, F., Daniels, D. & Yadav, A. (2013) Antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of guava (Psidium guajava L.) on two gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. International Journal of Microbiology 1, 1-7.

      [55] Mugweru, F. G, Nyamai, D. W., Arika, M. W., Ngugi, M. P. & Gathumbi, P. K. (2016) Antimicrobial activity of aqueous extracts of Maytemus putterlickoides, Senna spectabilis and Olinia usambarensis on selected diarrhea-causing bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology and Parasitology 7, 270.

      [56] Joshi, B., Sah, G. P., Basnet, B. B., Bhat, M. R. & Sharma, D. (2011) Phytochemical extraction and antimicrobial properties of different medicinal plants: Ocimum sanctum (Tuisi), Eugenia Caryophyllata (Clove), Achyranthes bidenntata (Datlwan) and Azadirachta Andica (Neern). Journal of Microbiology and Antimicrobial 3, 1-7.

      [57] Naik, M. I., Fomda, B. A., Jaykumar, E. & Bhat, J. A. (2010) Antibacterial activity of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil against some selected pathogenic bacterias. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 535-538,

      [58] Zulfa, Z., Chia, C. T. & Rukayadi, Y. (2016) In vitro antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) extracts against selected foodborne pathogens. International Food Research Journal 23(3), 1262-1267.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Akma Suhaimi, M., Ho, L.-H., Tang, J.-Y.-H., & Ain Mustafa, K. ‘. (2018). Antibacterial Activity of Lemongrass-Scented Betel Herbal Tea. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.43), 96-101. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.43.25826