Drying and Extraction Methods Effect on Biochemical and An-tioxidant Capacity of Malaysian Wild Edible Vegetables

  • Authors

    • Zalilawati Mat Rashid
    • Natasha Aziz
    • Nashriyah Mat
    2018-12-29
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.43.25838
  • DPPH free radical scavenging activity, drying condition, extraction solvent, total flavonoids content, total phenolics content.

  • Abstract

    Some wild edible vegetables are rarely been studied albeit freshly consumed by local people as ‘ulam’. Due to their perishable nature, drying is applied to extend their shelf life which causes substantial changes in phytochemicals content. Hence for collection of optimum yield of phenolics, the use of solvents of different polarities is crucial. In this study, the effect of drying (freeze-drying and oven-drying) and extractants solvents (ethanol and water) methods on phenolics and flavonoids contents as well as antioxidant activity of ten immature wild edible vegetables extracts (Acrosticum aureum, Erechtites hieraciifolia, Erechtites valerianifolia, Gnetum gnemon, Manihot esculenta, Oroxylum indicum, Phyllanthus acidus, Piper sarmentosum, Terminalia catappa and Ziziphus mauritiana) collected in Terengganu, Malaysia were investigated. Extraction were carried out using ultrasonication-assisted method. The results indicated that some vegetables were good sources of antioxidants with the lowest IC50 value of DPPH scavenging was 6.19 μg/mL. Ethanolic freeze dried (EFD) extracts (0.5 mg/mL) showed stronger DPPH scavenging activity (Inhibition rates: 76 to 88%) compared to ethanolic oven dried (EOD) (56 to 88%) and aqueous freeze dried (AFD) (35 to 89%). Total phenolics content (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC) were found to exhibit strong to moderate correlations with antiradical power. Among all samples, T. catappa following EFD, EOD and AFD showed the strongest antioxidant potential. The findings revealed that different drying methods and extracting solvents did influence the biochemicals isolation and antioxidant activity.

     

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Ahmad, M., Khan, M.A., Rashid, U., Zafar, M., Arshad, M. & Sultana, S. (2009) Quality assurance of herbal drug valerian by chemotaxonomic markers. African Journal of Biotechnology 8(6), 1148-1154.

      [2] Pei, S.J. (2001) Ethnobotanical approaches of traditional medicines studies: Some experiences from Asia. Pharmaceutical Biology 39, 74-79.

      [3] Mustafa, A.M. (1994) Ulam. FRIM & Penerbit Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd., Petaling Jaya, pp.1–8.

      [4] Hounsome, N., Hounsome, B., Tomos, D. & Edward, J.G. (2008) Plant metabolites and nutritional quality of vegetables. Journal of Food Science 73, R48-R65.

      [5] Berdanier, C.D., Dwyer, J. & Feldman, E.B. (2007) Handbook of Nutrition and Food. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

      [6] Saidin, I. (2000) Sayuran Tradisional Ulam dan Penyedap Rasa. UKM, Bangi, pp.147.

      [7] Ratti, C. (2001) Hot air and freeze-drying of high-value foods: A review. Journal of Food Engineering 49, 311–319.

      [8] Ahmed, M., Faridah, A., Alfi, K., et al. (2012) H-NMR-based metabolomics approach to understanding the drying effects on the phytochemical in Cosmos caudatus. Food Research International 49(2), 763–770.

      [9] Korus, A. (2011) Effect of preliminary processing, method of drying and storage temperature on the level of antioxidants in kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) leaves. LWT - Food Science and Technology 44, 1711–1716.

      [10] Attanasio, G., Cianquanta, L. & Matteo, M.D. (2004) Effect of drying temperature on physic-chemical properties of dried and rehydrated chestnuts (Castanea sativa). Food Chemistry 88, 583–590.

      [11] Ahmed, M., Faridah, A., Alfi, K., et al. (2015) Relationship between metabolites composition and biological activities of Phyllanthus niruri extracts prepared by different drying methods and solvents extraction. Plant Food for Human Nutrition 70(2), 184–192.

      [12] Vega-Gà lvez, A., Di Scala, K., Rodriguez, K., et al. (2009) Effect of air-drying temperature on physico-chemical properties, antioxidant capacity, colour and total phenolic content of red pepper (Capsicum annuum, L. var. Hungarian). Food Chemistry 117, 647–653.

      [13] Turkmen, N., Sari, F. & Velioglu, Y.S. (2006) Effects of extraction solvents on concentration and antioxidant activity of black and black mate tea polyphenols determined by ferrous tartrate and Folin–ciocalteu methods. Food Chemistry 99, 835–841.

      [14] Wang, H. & Helliwell, K. (2001) Determination of flavonols in green and black tea leaves and green tea infusions by high-performance liquid chromatography. Food Research International 34, 223–227.

      [15] Ahmed, M., Faridah, A., Ching, P.T. & Alfi, K. (2014) Effects of different drying methods and storage time on free radical scavenging activity and total phenolic content of Cosmos caudatus. Antioxidants 3, 358–370.

      [16] Ainsworth, A.E. & Gillespie, K.M. (2007) Estimation of total phenolic content & other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using Folin-ciocalteu’s reagent. Nature Protocols 2(4), 875–877.

      [17] Bag, G.C. & Devi, P.G. (2015) Assessment of total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of methanolic rhizome extract of three Hedychium species of Manipur Valley. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research 30, 154–159.

      [18] Manzocco, L., Anese, M. & Nicoli, M.C. (1998) Antioxidant properties of tea extracts as affected by processing. Lebens-mittel-Wissen schaft Und-Technologie 31(7-8), 694–698.

      [19] Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Boutassouna, D., Stocker, P. & Vidal, N. (2006) Antioxidant activity of some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chemistry 97 654–660.

      [20] Jayaraman, K.S. & Das Gupta, D.K. (1992) Dehydration of fruits and vegetables-recent developments in principles and techniques. Drying Technology 10, 1–50.

      [21] Arslan, D. & Özcan, M.M. (2010) Dehydration of red bell-pepper (Capsicum annuum L.): Change in drying behavior, colour and antioxidant content. Food and Bioproducts Processing 89(4), 504–513.

      [22] Manaharan, T., Palanisamy, U.D. & Cheng, M.H. (2012) Tropical plant extracts as potential antihyperglycemic agents. Molecules 17, 5915–5923.

      [23] Shi, J., Yu, J., Pohorly, J., Young, J.C., Bryan, M. & Wu, Y. (2003) Optimization of the extraction of polyphenols from grape seed meal by aqueous ethanol solution. Food, Agriculture & Environment 1(2), 42–47.

      [24] Bonoli, M., Verardo, V., Marconi, E., et al. (2004) Antioxidant phenols in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) flour: Comparative spectrophotometric study among extraction methods of free and bound phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52, 5195–5200.

      [25] Dai, J. & Mumper, R.J. (2010) Plant phenolics: Extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties. Molecules 15, 7313–7352.

      [26] Shikha, M., Renu, M., Ranjana, V., Binu, V. & Jagrati, T (2013) A study on phytochemical and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4(4), 1385–1393.

      [27] Sankara, S. & Nair, A.G.R. (1972) Flavonoids from the leaves of Oroxylum indicum and Pajanelia longifolia. Photochemistry 11, 439–440.

      [28] Rojsanga, P., Bunsupa, S., Brantner, A.H. & Sithisarn, P. (2017) Comparative phytochemical profiling and in vitro antioxidant activity of extracts from raw materials, tissue-cultured plants, and callus of Oroxylum indicum (L.) vent. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 1–11.

      [29] Ahad, A., Ganai, A.A., Sareer, O., et al. (2012) Therapeutic potential of Oroxylum indicum: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Opinion 2(10), 163–172.

      [30] Shikha, M., Renu, M., Ranjana, V., Binu, V. & Jagrati, T. (2013) A study on phytochemical and antifungal activity of leaf extracts of Terminalia catappa. International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 4(4), 1385–1393.

      [31] Annegowda, H.V., Mordi, M.N., Ramanathan, S. & Mansor, S.M. (2010) Analgesic and antioxidant properties of ethanolic extract of Terminalia catappa L. leaves. International Journal of Pharmacology 6, 910–915.

      [32] Cuvelier, M.E., Richard, H. & Berset, C. (1992) Comparison of the antioxidant activity of some acid phenols: structure–activity relationship. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry 56, 324–332.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Mat Rashid, Z., Aziz, N., & Mat, N. (2018). Drying and Extraction Methods Effect on Biochemical and An-tioxidant Capacity of Malaysian Wild Edible Vegetables. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.43), 149-153. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.43.25838

    Received date: 2019-01-13

    Accepted date: 2019-01-13

    Published date: 2018-12-29