Physicochemical analysis, free radical scavenging activity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of stingless bee honey

  • Authors

    • Nur Syafiqah Rahim
    • Wan Nurhasnita Wan Hussain
    • Sarina Mohamad
    • Zaidah Zainal Ariffian
    2018-11-15
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.28217
  • Heterotrigona itama Honey, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, Free Radical, Scavenging Activity.

  • Abstract

    Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss due to the deficiency of acetylcholine (ACh) concentration in the brain. It can be improved by inhibiting the Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme through cholinesterase inhibitors. This neurodegenerative disorder also can be caused by neuronal loss through oxidative stress which can be reduced by natural antioxidant. Honey appears to possess high scavenging properties. However, not much study of stingless bee honey focus on AChE inhibition. The objective of this project is to determine the scavenging properties of stingless bee (Heterotrigona itama) honey and its potential as natural AChE inhibitor. Physicochemical analysis of the honey was conducted to test its quality and purity through moisture, ash and pH test. The results show that the purity test is in the standard range of stingless bee honey. Different concentrations of honey were tested for its scavenging properties through DPPH assay. The honey samples were also tested for its AChE inhibitory effect. Results show that the stingless bee honey possesses high scavenging properties at 100% concentration. The inhibition of AChE enzyme showed through the white spot produced on the TLC plate. This finding proves that stingless bee honey able to combat oxidative stress and act as AChE inhibitors.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Kumar, A., A. Singh, and Ekavali (2015), A review on Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and its management: an update. Pharmacological Reports 67, 195-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.004.

      [2] Alzheimer's Association, 2015 Alzheimer’s disease Fact and Figures https://www.alz.org/facts/downloads/facts_figures_2015.pdf Accessed 29th April 2016

      [3] Ali-Shtayeh, M.S., Jamous, R.M., Abu Zaiton, S.Y. and Qasem, I.B. (2014), In vitro screening of acetylcholine inhibitory activity of extracts from Palestinian indigenous flora in relation to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 4, 381-400.

      [4] Nor, M.N.M., N.S. Rahim, S. Mohamad, S.N. Hashim, Z. Razali, and N.A. Muhammad, "Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activity of Phoenix dactylifera ajwa cultivar". Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017, Volume 2, (2018). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_56.

      [5] Ferreira-Vieira T. H., Guimaraes I. M., Silva F. R., and R.F. M. (2016), Alzheimer's disease: Targeting the Cholinergic System Current Neuropharmacology 14, 315-335.

      [6] Colovic, M.B., D.Z. Krstic, T.D. Lazarevic-Pasti, A.M. Bondzic, and V.M. Vasic (2013), Acetylcholine inhibitors: Pharmacology and toxicology. Current Neuropharmacology 11, 315-335 (21).

      [7] Rahman, M.M., H.G. Siew, and M.I. Khalil (2014), Neurological effect of honey: Current and future prospect. Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/958721.

      [8] Jiang, T., Q. Sun, and S. Chen (2016), Oxidative stress: A major pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target of antioxidative agents in Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Progress in Neurobiology 147, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.07.005.

      [9] Al-Gubory, K.H. (2014), Environmental pollutants and lifestyle factors induce oxidative stress and poor prenatal development. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 29, 17-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2014.03.002.

      [10] Fatkullin, R.R., A.A. Ovchinnikov, E.M. Ermolova, Y.V. Matrosova, and S.A. Chulichkova (2018), Antioxidant System and its Functioning in Animal Organisms. International Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, 300-304.

      [11] Rahim, N.S., S.M. Lim, V. Mani, A.B.A. Majeed, and K. Ramasamy (2017), Enhanced memory in Wistar rats by virgin coconut oil is associated with increased antioxidative, cholinergic activities and reduced oxidative stress. Pharmaceutical Biology 55, 825–832. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880209.2017.1280688.

      [12] Bakar, M.F.A., S.B. Sanusi, F.I.A. Bakar, C.O. J., and Z. Mian (2017), Physicochemical and antioxidant potential of raw unprocessed Honey from Malaysian stingless bees. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 16, 888-894. https://doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2017.888.894.

      [13] Chua, L.S., N.L.A. Rahaman, N.A. Adnan, and T.T. Eddie Tan (2013), Antioxidant activity of three honey samples in relation with their biochemical components. Journal of Analytical Method in Chemistry 13, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/313798.

      [14] Kek, S.P., N.L. Chin, Y.A. Yusof, S.W. Tan, and L.S. Chua (2017), Classification of entomological origin of honey based on its physicochemical and antioxidant properties. International Journal of Food Properties 20, S2723-S2738. https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1359185.

      [15] Dobre, I., G. Gâdei, L. Patrascu, A.M. Elisei, and R. Segal (2010), The antioxidant activity of selected Romanian honeys. Journal of Food Technology 34, 38-43.

      [16] Gebremariam, T. and G. Brhane (2014), Determination of quality and adulteration effects of honey from Adigrat and its surrounding areas. International Journal of Technology Enchancement and Emerging Engineering Research 2, 71-76.

      [17] Chan, B.K., H. Haron, R.A. Talib, and P. Subramaniam (2017), Physical properties, antioxidant content and anti-oxidative activities of Malaysian stingless kelulut (Trigona spp.) honey. Journal of Agricultural Science 9.

      [18] Nascimento, A.S.d., L.C. Marchini, C.A.L.d. Carvalho, D.F.D. Araújo, R.A.d. Olinda, and T.A.d. Silveira (2015), Physical-chemical parameters of honey of stingless bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae). American Chemical Science Journal 7, 139-149. https://doi.org/10.9734/ACSJ/2015/17547.

      [19] Philip, Y. and A.B. Mohd Fadzelly (2015), Antioxidative and acetylcholinesterase inhibitor potential of selected honey of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo. International Food Research Journal 22 1953-1960

      [20] Yang Z, Zhang X, Duan D, Song Z, Yang M, and L. S. (2009), Modified TLC bioautographic method for screening acetylcholinesterase ihibitors from plant extracts. Journal Separation Science 32, 3257–3259. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.200900266.

      [21] Khalil I, Moniruzzaman M, Boukraâ L, Benhanifia M, Islam A, Islam N, Sulaiman SA, and G. SH. (2012), Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Algerian honey. Molecules 17, 11199-11215. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules170911199.

      [22] El Sohaimy, S.A., S.H.D. Masry, and M.G. Shehata (2015), Physicochemical characteristics of honey from different origins. Annals of Agricultural Sciences 60, 279-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aoas.2015.10.015.

      [23] da Silva, P.M., C. Gauche, L.V. Gonzaga, A.C.O. Costa, and R. Fett (2016), Honey: Chemical composition, stability and authenticity. Food Chemistry 196, 309-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.09.051.

      [24] Nordin, A., N.Q.A.V. Sainik, S.R. Chowdhury, A.B. Saim, and R.B.H. Idrus (2018) in Journal of Food Composition and Analysis.

      [25] Sahney, M. and A. Kumar (2017), Physicochemical and mineral analysis of honey samples from Varanasi district. . International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences 8, 160-166. https://doi.org/10.22376/ijpbs.2017.8.2.b160-166.

      [26] Shekhar, T.C. and G. Anju ( 2014), Antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method of Ageratum conyzoids linn leaves. American Journal of Enthnomedicine 1, 244-249.

      [27] Biluca, F.C., F. Braghini, L.V. Gonzaga, A.C.O. Costa, and R. Fett (2016), Physicochemical profiles, minerals and bioactive compounds of stingless bee honey (Meliponinae). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 50, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2016.05.007.

      [28] Biluca, F.C., J.S. de Gois, M. Schulz, F. Braghini, L.V. Gonzaga, H.F. Maltez, E. Rodrigues, L. Vitali, G.A. Micke, D.L.G. Borges, A.C.O. Costa, and R. Fett (2017), Phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity and bioaccessibility of minerals of stingless bee honey (Meliponinae). Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 63, 89-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2017.07.039.

      [29] Hassan, A.M. (2012), TLC bioautographic method for detecting lipase inhibitors. Phytochem Analysis 23, 405-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.1372.

      [30] Adewusi, E.A., N. Moodley, and V. Steenkamp (2011), Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of selected southern African medicinal plants. South African Journal of Botany 77, 638-644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2010.12.009.

      [31] Gülçin, İ., A. Scozzafava, C.T. Supuran, Z. Koksal, F. Turkan, S. Çetinkaya, Z. Bingöl, Z. Huyut, and S.H. Alwasel (2016), Rosmarinic acid inhibits some metabolic enzymes including glutathione S-transferase, lactoperoxidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry 31, 1698-1702. https://doi.org/10.3109/14756366.2015.1135914.

      [32] Murray, A.P., M.B. Faraoni, M.J. Castro, N.P. Alza, and V. Cavallaro (2013), Natural AChE inhibitors from plants and their contribution to Alzheimer’s disease therapy. Current Neuropharmacology 11, 388-413. https://doi.org/10.2174/1570159X11311040004.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Syafiqah Rahim, N., Nurhasnita Wan Hussain, W., Mohamad, S., & Zainal Ariffian, Z. (2018). Physicochemical analysis, free radical scavenging activity and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of stingless bee honey. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4), 5057-5060. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.28217

    Received date: 2019-03-05

    Accepted date: 2019-03-05

    Published date: 2018-11-15