A Voyage for Regulating Commercial Surrogacy in India: An Analysis of Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016
-
https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i1.10.28399 -
Assisted Reproductive Technology, fertilized, Surrogate, agreement. -
Abstract
To beget a child is a priceless feeling. But for those persons who cannot have their own child, it can be problematice and painful. Surrogacy has emerged as a solution towards this type of situation. India became the top most place for surrogacy after baby M case and it was totally unregulated process. There were no rigths for the surrogate mother and child. As different countries around the world having different laws so, there came a situation of conflict of laws. After so many bills finaly Indian Government proposed a novel legislative proposal of Surrogacy Bill 2016, which has put some restrictions for particular individuals who are totally banned and cannot avail the surrogacy process. This bill has put a full stop on commercial surogacy in India. But some critiques says that it is a very haste decision of the government.The present paper has discussed the journey of unregulated surrogacy process towards its regulation. But whether this has proved fruitful or futile? it is still a matter of dicussion.
Â
 -
References
[1] India, L. C. (2009). Need for legislation to regulate Assisted Technology Clinics as well as rights and obligations of parties to a surrogacy. 228, Law Commission of India, available at: papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2713783_code2089102.pdf?abstractid=2713783&mirid=1
[2] available at: http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Surrogacy/Surrogacy%20(Regulation)%20Bill,%202016.pdf(Visited on 4th March 2018)
[3] ibid
[4] Lisa L. Behm, “Legal, Moral & International Perspectives on Surrogate Motherhood: The Call for a
[5] Uniform Regulatory Scheme in the United Statesâ€, 2 DePaul J. of Health Care L. 557 (Spring 1999).
[6] New South Wales Law Reform Commission, Artificial Conception - Discussion Paper 3: Surrogate Motherhood, Sydney (1988), p 6. A similar definition is presented in National Bioethics Consultative Committee, Surrogacy: Report 1, Australia (1990), p. 3, available at www.catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/ 2622475 (Visited on 4th March 2018)
[7] Bandna shekhar, “Surrogacy and Right of Women’s in India: Issues and Challenges†AD VALOREM:volume3:IssueII:April-June2016:ISSSN:2348-5485at p.75
[8] available at: www.sciencedirect.com/.../pii/S1472648314006002 (Visited on 6th August 2018)
[9] Law Commission of India, “Need for Legislation to Regulate Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinics as well as Rights and Obligations of Parties to a Surrogacyâ€, Report No. 228, (August 2009), p.11.
[10] 256. Centre for Social Research is a non-profit, non-governmental organization established in the year 1983 in New Delhi. See for more, the official website of CSR available at: http://www.csrindia.org(Visited on 4th March 2018)
[11] Centre for Social Research (CSR), Surrogate Motherhood- Ethical or Commercial, p.3. Report released in the year 2012, available at www.women leadership.in/Csr/SurrogacyReport.pdf(Visited on 6th March 2018)
[12] . Ibid
[13] 259. Widge A., â€Socio-cultural Attitudes towards Infertility and Assisted Reproduction in Indiaâ€, in Vayenna E., Rowe P.J., & Griffin P.D. (eds.), Current Practices and Controversies in Assisted Reproduction, World Health Organization, Geneva (2002), pp.60-74; Sarojini et al., “Globalization of Birth Markets: A Case Study of Assisted Reproductive Technologies in India†7 Globalization and Health, 27 (2011), at p.31
[14] “Surrogacy in Canada†available at: http://www.surrogacy.ca/services/cost-ofsurrogacy.html(Visited on 5th March 2018)
[15] . “Russia – Low Cost Surrogacy Programme†http://www.ivfcostworldwide.com/russia-low-cost-surrogacy-program.html(Visited on 4th March 2018)
[16] George Palattiyil, et al., “Globalization and Cross-Border Reproductive Services: Ethical Implications of Surrogacy in India for Social Workâ€, International Social Work, 53 (5) 686 (2010), at p.689
[17] 272 Shyantani Das Gupta & Shamita Das Gupta, “Motherhood Jeopardised: Reproductive Technologies in Indian Communitiesâ€, in Jane Maree Maher, The Global Politics of Motherhood: Transformation and Fragmentation, Routledge, U.S.A. (2010), p.138.
[18] J. Brad Reich & Dawn Swink, “Outsourcing Human Reproduction: Embryos & Surrogacy Services in the Cyber-Procreation Eraâ€, 14 J. Health Care L. & Pol’y, 241 (2011); Sharmila Rudrappa, “Making India the ‘Mother Destination‘: Outsourcing Labor to Indian Surrogatesâ€, in Christine L. Williams & Kirsten Dellinger (eds.), Gender and Sexuality in the Workplace (Research in the Sociology of Work, Volume 20), Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., United Kingdom (2010), pp.253-285; Amy Gold , “Surrogacy in India: The Latest Outsourcing Industryâ€, available at http://blogcritics.org/culture/article/surrogacy-in-india-thlatest- sourcing/(Visited on 24th March 2018)
[19] Indian Council of Medical Research, Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research on Human Participants, New Delhi (2006), p.viii, available at: http://icmr.nic.in/ ethical_ guidelines. pdf(Visited on 18th March 2018)
[20] Erica Davis, “The Rise of Gestational Surrogacy and the Pressing Need for International Regulationâ€, 21 Minn. J. Int’l L. 120 (2012), at p.126; Mrs. Adhilakshmi Logamurthy, “Legalizing Surrogacy in Indiaâ€, available at http://tnfwl.com/p/news_letter/Legalizing_Surrogacy_ in_India.pdf ; Kari Points, “Commercial Surrogacy and Fertility Tourism in India: The Case of Baby Manjiâ€, available at: <http://www.duke.edu/web/ kenanethics/ CaseStudies/BabyManji.pdf>(Visited on 4th April 2018)
[21] John Connell, Medical Tourism, CAB International, U. K. (2011), p.142; Wendy Chavkin & Jane Maree Maher, The Global Politics of Motherhood: Transformation and Fragmentation, Routledge, New York (2010), p.137; Stephanie Watson & Kathy Stolle, Medical Tourism, ABC–CLIO, U.S.A. (2012), p.135; Babu Sarkar,â€Commercial Surrogacy: Is it Morally and Ethically Acceptable in India?â€, Practical Lawyer, (December 2011), S-11; Cara Luckey, “Commercial Surrogacy: Is Regulation Necessary to Manage the Industry?†Wisconsin Journal of Law, Gender & Society, Vol. 26:2, 213 (2011), at p.226.
[22] This report was submitted to the Union Minister of Law and Justice, Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India by Dr. Justice A.R. Lakshmanan, Chairman, Law Commission of India, on the 5th day of August, 2009, as the Law Commission Report No. 228
[23] Id. at pp.25-27.
[24] Id. at p.7.
[25] A.I.R. 2009 Guj. 21.
[26] Id. at p.26, para.19
[27] Id. at p. 27.
[28] Writ Petition civil no. 95 of 2015 year
[29] Dhananjay Mahapatra, SC notice to govt on PIL seeking ban on commercial surrogacy, TNN, Feb 26, 2015 available at: http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/SC-notice-to-govt-on-PIL-seeking-ban-on-commercial surrogacy/ articleshow/46376012cms (visited 15th May 2018).
[30] Anuradha Mascarenhas, Surrogacy ban for foreign couples sends ART centres in city in a tizzy, Pune, December 25, 2015 available at: http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/pune/surrogacy-ban-for-foreign-couples-sends-artcentres-in-city-in-a-tizzy/#sthash.Xes0f1Ow.dpuf (Visited 15 May 2018).
[31] concerns about exploitation of women.
[32] Hansindia ,ART Regulation Bill, 2014, THE HANS INDIA November 04,2015, available at: http://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/2015-11-04/ART-Regulation-Bill-2014-184404 (visited 5 May 2018).
[33] Nozia Sayyed, Docs move SC against ICMR surrogacy rule, Pune Mirror | Nov 26, 2015, available at: http://www.punemirror.in/pune/civic/Docs-move-SC-against-ICMR-surrogacy-rule/articleshow/49926644 .cms (Visited 15 May 2018).
[34] Prabhati Nayak Mishra, Surrogate mothers seek Supreme Court's intervention, DNA, 26 November 2015, available at: http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-surrogate-mothers-seek-supreme-court-s-intervention- 2149015(visited on 15th April 2018).
[35] Bhadra Sinha, Overseas Indians challenge govt order on surrogacy, Hindustan Times, New Delhi,available at: http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/overseas-indians-challenge-govt-order-on-surrogacy/story-(visited May1 6th, 2018).
[36] Teena Thacker, Assisted Reproductive Technology Bill will focus only on surrogacy available at New Delhi, available at: http://www.asianage.com/india/assisted-reproductive-technology-billwill-focus-only-surrogacy-863 (visited May1 5th, 2018).
[37] Press Trust of India, Draft Surrogacy Bill to be placed before GoM for consideration, New Delhi May 6, 2016 available at: http://www.business-standard.com/article/pti-stories/draft-surrogacy-bill-to-be-placed-before-gomfor-consideration-116050600928_1.html (Visited May 15, 2018).
[38] Dey,shushmicabinet MayTake up surrogacy bill Today,The Times of India.Retrieved from, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Cabinet-may-take-up-surrogacy-today/articleshow/53835511.cms visited on (August 18th 2018)
[39] Bhattacharya, Rituparna92016a).Discounted Life:The price of global surrogacy in India, Gender, Place& Culture,1-2,DOI:10.1080/0966369X.2016.1211585 (Visited on August 15th 2018)
[40] Taneja,Richa Pics:Top10 voices on The Debate on New Surrogacy Bill. NDTV:EveryLifeCounts.Retrieved from, https://everylifecounts.ndtv.com/debate-new-surrogacy-bill-top-10-voices-4527 (Visited May 15, 2018).
[41] Section377 of IPC1860 reads as “Unnatural Offences- Whoevervoluntarily has carnal intercourseagainst the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished withimprisionment for life or with imprisonmentof either discription for a term which may extend to 10 years, and shall also be liable to fine.Retrieved from,http://indiankanoon.org/doc/1836974 (Visited May 15, 2018).
[42] Agrawal, Smitaand Kumar,Nishant(2015). (The Juvenile Justice Care And Protection of Children)Act,2015P;Areview, Space and culture,India,3(3),5-9
[43] available at: http://www.insightsonindia.com/2016/12/01/insights-issues-surrogacy-regulation-b ill-2016/(Visited May 15, 2018).
[44] , available athttp://www.insightsonindia.com/2016/12/01/insights-issues-surrogacy-regulation-bill-2016/(Visited May 24th , 2018).
[45] Rajya Sabha (2017): “Department-related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare: One Hundred Second Report on the Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016,†Parliament of India, New Delhi, 10 August, available at: http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Surrogacy/SCR-%20Surrogacy%20Bill,... (Visited September 15, 2018.
-
Downloads
-
How to Cite
Shekhar, B., & K. Dixit, A. (2019). A Voyage for Regulating Commercial Surrogacy in India: An Analysis of Surrogacy (Regulation) Bill, 2016. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 8(1.10), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i1.10.28399Received date: 2019-03-15
Accepted date: 2019-03-15