Online brand, opportunities, realities and challenges for SMEs. Fresh recruits, a solution or new kind of orienteering challenge?
-
2021-12-01 https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31813 -
Abstract
The research produced understanding how fresh employer’s private social media brand can be beneficial for a company brand. It was also found that the companies' own brand image was not inline with their set expectations for usage of employer social media brand and skills. For the given challenge, literary review on the means for improving the situation of financially limited SMEs was carried out. Overall research data is based on literature review and interview data with students and company executives. Based on interviews, companies are looking for applicants who have an "individual brand" with visible personality. In the interviews, companies perceived "brand" to be connected to distinguishable individuality and presence of a personality. The study objectivity is to stimulate discussion on SME brand structuring as well as impact of individual brands into the SME brand building efforts with practical action options. Individual brands should be taken into account in recruitment and special attention needs to be put to the following orientation process, social media usage and processes of brand construction, with the new recruits. Whether the company has guidelines for social media actions or not, the public presence of the employee connects their brand with the company online brand, both in good and bad. Clear strategies and objectives for (new) employees how to connect their individual brand to company brand building is needed to be given from companies to their employees. This will also require guidelines for behavior in social media for employees, when communicating trough social media profiles, which could be connected back to the employing organization. Lastly, we studied expectations and beliefs of young recruits and companies into the key factors at the recruitment process, revealing mis alignment between the students and companies’ views.
Â
Keywords: Brand; Digitalization; Employment; Individual brand; Organizational brand; Recruitment; Small and medium-sized enterprises; SME; Social media.
Â
-
References
[1] Bolhuis, W., de Jong, M.D.T., van den Bosch, A.L.M. (2018), Corporate rebranding: effects of corporate visual identity changes on employees and consumers, Journal of Marketing Communications, Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 3-16, https://doi.org/10.1080/13527266.2015.1067244.
[2] Williamson, I.O., King Jr., J.E., Lepak, D., Sarma, A. (2010), Firm Reputation, Recruitment, Websites and Attracting Applicants. Human Resource Management, Vol. 49, No. 4, 669-687, https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.20379.
[3] Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., Stephen, A.T. (2020), The future of social media in marketing, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 48, pp. 79–95, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1.
[4] Kaita-aho, J., 2016. Somessa maine pitää ansaita – Yritykselle viidakkorumpu on uhka. Yle Uutiset.. [Online] Available at: https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-8890511 [Accessed 05-12-2021].
[5] Piili, H., Widmaier, T., Happonen, A., Juhanko, J., Salminen, A., Kuosmanen, P., Nyrhilä, O. (2013), Digital design process and additive manufacturing of a configurable product, Advanced Science Letters, Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 926-931, https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2013.4827.
[6] Widmaier, T., Juhanko, J., Piili, H., Kuosmanen, P., Salminen, A., Happonen, A., Kontio, J., Nyrhilä, O. (2013), Digital design and manufacturing process comparison for new custom made product family – a case study of a bathroom faucet, Estonian Journal of Engineering, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 76-89, https://doi.org/10.3176/eng.2013.1.07.
[7] Kortelainen, H., Happonen, A., Hanski, J. (2019), From Asset Provider to Knowledge Company—Transformation in the Digital Era, In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, pp. 333-341, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95711-1_33.
[8] Minashkina, D., Happonen, A. (2020), Decarbonizing warehousing activities through digitalization and automatization with WMS integration for sustainability supporting operations, E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 158, article: 03002, pp. 1-7, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015803002.
[9] Geurin, A. N. (2013), Acceptance, motivations, and usage of social media as a marketing communications tool amongst employees of sport national governing bodies. Sport Management Review, Vol. 16, Iss. 4, pp. 488-497 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2013.03.004.
[10] Salmela, E., Happonen, A. (2012), Applying Social Media in Collaborative Brainstorming and Creation of Common Understanding Between Independent Organizations, In Knowledge Management / Book 2: New Research on Knowledge Management Applications and Lesson Learned, pp. 195-212, https://doi.org/10.5772/2529.
[11] Dahnil, M., Mizal Marzuki, K., Langgat, J. & Fabeil, N. F. (2014), Factors Influencing SMEs Adoption of Social Media Marketing. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 148, Iss. 1, pp. 119-126, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.025.
[12] Mohajerani, A., Baptista, J., Nandhakumar, J. (2015), Exploring the role of social media in importing logics across social contexts: The case of IT SMEs in Iran, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 95, pp. 16-31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2014.06.008.
[13] Paniagua, J., Bolufer, J.S. (2014), Business performance and social media: Love or hate?. Business Horizons , Vol. 57, Iss. 6, pp. 719-728, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.07.005.
[14] Paradiso, C. (2016), Digital Marketing: Commitment Drives Success, Rough Notes, Vol. 159, Iss. 5, pp. 33-35
[15] Meske, C., Stieglitz, S. (2013), Adoption and Use of Social Media in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises. s.l., Practice-Driven Research on Enterprise Transformation. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38774-6_5.
[16] Stockdale, R., Standing, C. (2006), An interpretive approach to evaluating information systems: A content, context, process framework, European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 173, Iss. 3, pp. 1090-1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.07.006.
[17] BSR Stars (2013) Report: Knowledge Sharing Tools and Practices. Baltic Sea Region.
[18] Gilmore, A., Gallagher, D., Scott, H. (2007), E-marketing and SMEs: Operational lessons for the future, European Business Review, Vol. 19, No. 3. pp. 234-247, https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340710746482.
[19] Treem, J. W., Leonardi, M.P. (2012), Social Media Use in Organizations: Exploring the Affordances of Visibility, Editability, Persistence, and Association, Communication Yearbook, SSRN Electronic Journal, Vol. 36, pp. 143-189 https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2013.11679130.
[20] Wickramasinghe, D., Wickramasinghe, V. (2012), Effects of perceived organisational support on participation in decision making, affective commitment and job satisfaction in lean production in Sri Lanka, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 23, Iss. 2, pp. 157-177, https://doi.org/10.1108/17410381211202179.
[21] Day, R., Allen, T.D. (2004), the relationship between career motivation and self-efficacy with protégé career success, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 64, Iss. 1, pp. 72-91, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00036-8.
[22] Happonen, A., Siljander, V. (2020), Gainsharing in logistics outsourcing: trust leads to success in the digital era, International Journal of Collaborative Enterprise, Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 150-175, https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCENT.2020.110221.
[23] King, C., Grace, D. (2012), Examining the antecedents of positive employee brand-related attitudes and behaviours, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 46, No. 3 / 4, pp. 469-488, https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561211202567.
[24] Vatousios, A., Happonen, A. (2021), Renewed Talent Management: More Productive Development Teams with Digitalization Supported HR Tools, International journal of engineering & technology, Vol. 10, No. 2, Article: 31705, pp. 170-180, https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31705.
[25] Vatousios, A., Happonen, A. (2022), Transforming HR and Improving Talent Profiling with Qualitative Analysis Digitalization on Candidates for Career and Team Development Efforts, In book: Intelligent Computing, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 283, Chapter 78, Springer, pp. 1149-1166, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80119-9_78.
[26] Antin, J., Churchill, E.F. (2011), Badges in Social Media: A Social Psychological Perspective. s.l., ACM CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, CHI 2011, May 7–12, 2011, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
[27] Nicholson, S. (2015), A RECIPE for Meaningful Gamification, In: Gamification in Education and Business, Springer, pp. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10208-5_1.
[28] Lyone, P., Bandura, R.P. (2016), Learning to identify employees that are engaged, helpful and proactive, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 48, No. 3, pp. 163-169, https://doi.org/10.1108/ICT-09-2015-0065.
[29] Govaerts, N., Kyndt, E., Dochy, F., Baert, H. (2011), Influence of learning and working climate on the retention of talented employees, Journal of Workplace Learning, Vol. 23, Iss. 1, pp. 35-55, https://doi.org/10.1108/13665621111097245.
[30] Locke, E.A., Latham, G.P., Smith, K.J., Wood, R.E., Bandura, A. (1990), A Theory of Goal Setting & Task Performance, Pearson College Div, ISBN-13: 978-0139131387, p. 413
[31] Stein, M., Christiansen, L. (2010), Successful Onboarding: Strategies to Unlock Hidden Value Within Your Organization, McGraw Hill Professional, ISBN-13: 978-0071739375, p. 288
[32] Lin, E., 2014. Pluralism about Wellâ€Being. Philosophical perspectives, Vol. 28, Iss. 1, pp. 127-154, https://doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12038.
[33] Smith, A., Stirling, A., Berkhout, F. (2005), The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions, Research Policy, Vol. 34, Iss. 10, pp. 1491-1510, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.005.
[34] Mitchell, R., Hutchinson, K., Quinn, B., Gilmore, A. (2015), A framework for SME retail branding. Journal of Marketing Management, Vol. 31, Iss. 17-18, pp. 1818-1850, https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2015.1063531.
[35] Hess, J.S., Singh, J., Metcalf, L.E., Danes, J. (2014), The Impact of Consumer Product Package Quality on Consumption Satisfaction, Brand Perceptions, Consumer Investment and Behavior. Journal of Applied Packaging Research, Vol. 6, Iss. 1, pp. 23-39, https://doi.org/10.14448/japr.01.0003.
[36] Happonen, A., Ghoreishi, M. (2022), A mapping study of the current literature on digitalization and industry 4.0 technologies utilization for sustainability and circular economy in textile industries, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 217, Chapter 63, pp. 697-711, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2102-4_63.
[37] Ghoreishi, M., Happonen, A. (2020), Key enablers for deploying artificial intelligence for circular economy embracing sustainable product design: Three case studies, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2233, Iss. 1, p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0001339.
[38] Taipale, J., 2007. Brändi liiketoiminnan ytimessä - erotu tai unohda koko homma, Helsinki: Infor Oy.
[39] Wong, A., Yazdanifard, R. (2015), The Review of Content Marketing as a New Trend in Marketing Practices, International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 1055-1064
[40] Tolvanen, V. (2013), Brändi, blog post, Available at: http://www.villetolvanen.com/fi/2013/10/03/brandi/
[41] DeszczyÅ„ski, B., Åuczak, M, Wieczerzycki, M. (2017), Social media as a tool to support building relationships in the international market, In book: Changes and Challenges in the Modern World Economy. Recent Advances in Research on International Economics & Business, Publisher: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego, pp. 349-369
[42] Genç, M., Öksüz, B. (2015), A Fact or an Illusion: Effective Social Media usage of Female Entrepreneurs. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 195, pp. 293-300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.345.
[43] Arora, S., Karlo, A., Sharma, D. (2015), A comprehensive framework of brand name classification. Journal of Brand Management, Vo. 22, Iss. 2, pp. 79-116, https://doi.org/10.1057/bm.2015.8.
[44] Wongpreedee, K., Kiratisin, A., Virutamasen, P. (2015), Entrepreneurial Mindsets for Innovative Brand Development: Case Studies in Jewellery Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 195, pp. 2236-2241, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.308.
[45] Frey, C., Ansar, A., Wunschâ€Vincent, S. (2015), Defining and Measuring the “Market for Brandsâ€: Are Emerging Economies Catching up?. The Journal of World Intellectual Property, Vol. 18, Iss. 5, pp. 217-244. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwip.12041.
[46] Sarkar, A.N., Singh, J. (2005), New Paradigm in Evolving Brand Management Strategy, Journal of Management Research, Vol. 5, No. 2, p. 80-90
[47] Barney, J. (1986), Organizational culture: Can it be a source of sustained competetive advantage?, Academic Management Review, Vol. 11, Iss. 3, pp. 656-665. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1986.4306261.
[48] Schein, E. (1990), Organizational Culture. American Psychologist, Vol. 45, Iss. 2, pp. 109-119, https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.45.2.109.
[49] Hofstede, G., Neuijen, B., Ohvay, D. & Sanders, G. (1990), Measuring Organizational Cultures: A Qualitative and Quantitative Study Across Twenty Cases. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 286-316, https://doi.org/10.2307/2393392.
[50] Lemon, M., Sahota, P.S. (2004), Organizational culture as a knowledge repository for increased innovative capacity. Technovation, Vol. 24, Iss. 6, pp. 483-498, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4972(02)00102-5.
[51] Smircich, L., 1983. The concepts of organization culture and organizational analysis. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 2, Iss. 3, pp. 339-358. https://doi.org/10.2307/2392246.
[52] Fang, T. (2011), Ying Yang: A new Perspective on Culture. Management and Organization Review, Vol. 8, Iss. 1, pp. 25-50, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1740-8784.2011.00221.x.
[53] Santti, U., Eskelinen, T., Rajahonka, M., Villman, R., Happonen, A. (2017), Effects of Business Model Development Projects on Organizational Culture: A Multiple Case Study of SMEs, TIM, Vol. 7, Iss. 8, pp. 15-26, https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1096.
[54] Cameron, K., Quinn, R. (2006), Diagnosing and Changing Organizational CUlture: Based on Competing Values Framework. Revised Edition toim. s.l.:Jossey-Bass.
[55] Denison, D.R., Spreitzer, G.M. (1991), Organizational culture and organizational development: A competing values approach. Research in Organizational Change and Development, Vol. 5, pp. 1-21.
[56] Yu, T., Wu, N. (2009), A review of study on the competing values framework, International Journal of Business and Management, Vol. 4, Iss. 7, pp. 1-37, https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v4n7p37.
[57] Cameron, K. (2009), An introduction to the competing values framework. Organizational culture white paper.
[58] Helms Mills, J., Thurlow, A., Mills, A.J. (2010), Making sense of sensemaking: the critical sensemaking approach, Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 182-195, https://doi.org/10.1108/17465641011068857.
[59] Weick, K.E., Sutcliffe, K.M., Obstfeld, D. (2005), Organizing and the process of sensemaking. Organization science, Vol. 16, Iss. 4, pp. 409-421, https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1050.0133.
[60] Long, B.S., Helms Mills, J. (2010), Workplace spirituality, contested meaning, and the culture of organization: a critical sensemaking account, Journal of Organizational Change Management, Vol. 23, Iss. 3, pp. 325-341, https://doi.org/10.1108/09534811011049635.
[61] Mills, J.H., Thurlow, A., Mills, A. (2010), Making sense of sensemaking: the critical sensemaking approach, Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 182-195, https://doi.org/10.1108/17465641011068857.
[62] Lavine, M. (2014), Paradoxical leadership and the competing values framework, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 50, Iss. 2, pp. 189-205, https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886314522510.
[63] Hatch, M.J., Schultz, M. (2002), The Dynamics of Organizational Identity, Human Relations, Vol. 55, Iss. 8, pp. 989-1018, https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726702055008181.
[64] Aaltio, l., Salminen, H., Koponen, S. (2014), Agening employees and human resource management - evidence of gender sensitivity, equality, diversity and inclusion. An International Journal, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 160-176, https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-10-2011-0076.
[65] Snape, E., Redman, T. (2003), Too old or too young? The impact of perceived age discrimination, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, pp. 78-89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-8583.2003.tb00085.x.
[66] Fabien, L. (1997), Making promises: the power of engagement, Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 206-214, https://doi.org/10.1108/08876049710168690.
[67] Albert, S., Ashforth, B.E., Dutton, J. (2000), Organizational identity and identification: Charting new waters and building new bridges. Academy of management Review, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 13-17 https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791600.
[68] Puusa, A., Tolvanen, U. (2006), Organizational identity and trust. EJBO-Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 29-33
[69] Gioia, D.A., Achultz, M., Corely, K.G. (2000), Organizational identity, image, and adaptive instability. Academy of management review, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 63-81, https://doi.org/10.2307/259263.
[70] Ravasi, D., Schultz, M. (2006), Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of management journal, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp. 433-458, https://doi.org/10.2307/20159775.
[71] Takeuchi, Y.J.N. (2016), Gender differences in career planning and success, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 31, Iss. 2, p. 603-623, https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-09-2014-0281.
[72] Jianguo, L., Maoyan, H. (2012), Exploratory Analysis of the Substance of Work Security in Harmonious Society. In: Wu Y. (eds) Advanced Technology in Teaching - Proceedings of the 2009 3rd International Conference on Teaching and Computational Science (WTCS 2009), Advances in Intelligent and Soft Computing, Vol. 116, pp. 367-372, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11276-8_47.
[73] Koen, J., Klehe, U-C., Van Vianen, A.E.M., Zikic, J., Nauta, A. (2010), Job-search strategies and reemployment quality: The impact of career adaptability, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 77, Iss. 1, pp. 126-139, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.02.004.
[74] Bakker, A.B., Albrecht, S.L., Leiter, M.P. (2011), Key questions regarding work engagement, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 20, Iss. 1, pp. 4-28, https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2010.485352.
[75] van Rossenberg, Y.G.T., Klein, H.J., Asplund, K., Bentein, K., Breitsohl, H., Cohen, A., Cross, D., de Aguiar Rodrigues, A.C., Duflot, V., Kilroy, S., Ali, N., Rapti, A., Ruhle, S., Solinger, O., Swart, J., Yalabik, Z.Y. (2018), The future of workplace commitment: key questions and directions, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 27, Iss. 2, pp. 153-167, https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1443914.
[76] Bonds-Raacke, J., Raacke, J. (2010), MySpace and Facebook: Identifying Dimensions of Uses and Gratifications for Friend Networking Sites, Individual Differences Research, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 27-33
[77] Chen, Y., Fay, S., Wang, Q. (2011), The Role of Marketing in Social Media: How Online Consumer Reviews Evolve, Journal of Interactive Marketing, Vol. 25, Iss. 2, pp. 1-32, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1710357.
[78] Li, Y., Lin, G. (2012). Results of a survey of Hong Kong University. China Media Research, Vol. 8, Iss. 1, pp. 54-63
[79] Kim, J.H., Kim, M., Nam, Y. (2010). An analysis of self-construals, motivations, Facebook use, and user satisfaction. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, Vol 26, Iss. 11-12, pp. 1077-1099 https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2010.516726.
[80] Cova, B., Saucet, M. (2014), Unconventional marketing: From guerrilla to consumer made, The Routledge companion to the future of marketing, pp. 252-268 https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203103036-24.
[81] Bettiol, M., Di Maria, E., Finotto, V. (2012), Marketing in SMEs: the role of entrepreneurial sensemaking, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 8, pp. 223–248, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-011-0174-3.
[82] Salmela, E., Happonen, A. (2021), Are You doing the Right Things? Initial Stages of Individuals Change Management: Identify, Acknowledge and Make a Courageous Move Framework, In Book: Selected Topics in Humanities and Social Sciences, Vol. 2, pp. 12-25, https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/sthss/v2/9389D.
[83] Argyris, C. (2004), Double-Loop Learning and Implementable Validity, In: Tsoukas H., Mylonopoulos N. (eds) Organizations as Knowledge Systems. Palgrave Macmillan, London, pp 29-45, https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230524545_2.
[84] Palacin, V., Gilbert, S., Orchard, S., Eaton, A., Ferrario, M.A., Happonen, A. (2020). Drivers of Participation in Digital Citizen Science: Case Studies on Järviwiki and Safecast, Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, Vol. 5, Iss. 1, Article: 22, pp. 1-20, https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.290.
[85] Kaplan, A., Haenlein, M. (2010), Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of Social Media, Business Horizons, Vol. 53, Iss. 1, pp. 59-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003.
[86] Happonen, A., Manninen, L., Hirvimäki, M., Nolte, A. (2021), Expectations for young job applicant’s digital identity related to company’s social media brand development strategies., Small Enterprise Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2021.2000482.
[87] Dwivedi, Y.K., Kapoor, K.K., Chen, H. (2015), Social media marketing and advertising, The Marketing Review, Vol. 15, No. 3, pp. 289-309, https://doi.org/10.1362/146934715X14441363377999.
[88] Erkmen, E. (2018), Managing Your Brand for Employees: Understanding the Role of Organizational Processes in Cultivating Employee Brand Equity, Administrative Sciences, Vol. 8, Iss. 3, pp. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8030052.
[89] Law, J. (1992), Notes on the theory of the actor-network: ordering, strategy, and heterogeneity, Systems Practice, Vol. 5, Iss. 4, pp. 379-393, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01059830.
[90] Braga, C., Suarez, M. (2018), Actor-network theory: new perspectives and contributions to consumption studies, Cadernos EBAPE.BR, Vol. 16, No. 2, p. 218-231, https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-395164275.
[91] Happonen, A., Santti, U., Auvinen, H., Räsänen, T., Eskelinen, T. (2020), Digital age business model innovation for sustainability in University Industry Collaboration Model, E3S Web of Conferences, Vol. 211, Article 04005, pp. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021104005.
[92] Salmela, E., Happonen, A., Hirvimäki, M., Vimm, I. (2015), Is Time Pressure an Advantage or a Disadvantage for Front End Innovation – Case Digital Jewelry, Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 42-69, https://doi.org/10.24840/2183-0606_003.004_0005.
[93] Happonen, A., Tikka, M., Usmani, U. (2021), A systematic review for organizing hackathons and code camps in Covid-19 like times: Literature in demand to understand online hackathons and event result continuation, In 2021 International Conference on Data and Software Engineering (ICoDSE), pp. 1-6
[94] Ghoreishi, M., Happonen, A. (2022), The Case of Fabric and Textile Industry: The Emerging Role of Digitalization, Internet-of-Things and Industry 4.0 for Circularity, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 216, pp. 189-200, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1781-2_18.
[95] Santti, U., Happonen, A., Auvinen, H., Räsänen, T., Eskelinen, T. (2020), Sustainable Business Model Innovation for Digital Remote Monitoring: A Follow up Study on a Water Iot Service, BIOS Forum 2020, St. Petersburg, Russia, 10/2020, pp. 1-7.
[96] Santti, U., Happonen, A., Auvinen, H. (2020), Digitalization Boosted Recycling: Gamification as an Inspiration for Young Adults to do Enhanced Waste Sorting, AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 2233, Iss. 1, p. 1-12, https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0001547.
[97] Ghoreishi, M., Happonen, A. (2020), New promises AI brings into circular economy accelerated product design: a review on supporting literature, E3S Web Conf., eISSN: 2267-1242, Vol. 158, pp. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015806002.
Happonen, A., Laplaza Osta, I., Potdat, A., Garcia-Alcaraz, J.L. (2021), Financially Feasible and Sustainable - Reviewing Academic Literature on Sustainability related Investment Studies, 1st edition, Book publisher International, pp. 1-43, https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/mono/978-93-5547-032-4
-
Downloads
-
How to Cite
Happonen, A., Manninen, L., Santti, U., & Mariappan, M. (2021). Online brand, opportunities, realities and challenges for SMEs. Fresh recruits, a solution or new kind of orienteering challenge?. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 10(2), 220-231. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31813Received date: 2021-10-02
Accepted date: 2021-11-04
Published date: 2021-12-01