Thermo mechanical and microstructural constituents of dissimilar S700MC-S960QC high-strength steel welded joints using overmatched filler wire

  • Authors

    • Francois Njock Bayock Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET Douala, University of Douala, P.O. Box: 1872, Douala, Cameroon
    • Marius Tony Kibong Laboratory of Technologies and Applied Sciences, University Institute of Technology, University of Douala, PO Box 8698 Douala, Cameroon
    • Sadrack Timba Department of Mechanical Engineering, ENSET Douala, University of Douala, P.O. Box: 1872, Douala, Cameroon
    • Nji Nelson Che Laboratory of Energy Materials Modelling and Methods, EDSPD, University of Douala, P.O. Box: 2701 Douala, Cameroon
    2022-01-17
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v11i1.31873
  • Dissimilar Welding, GMAW Process, Overmatched Filler Wire, Hardness Test, Microstructural Constituents, SEM Images, EDS Micrographs.
  • In this study, a mechanical and microstructural constituent of welded joints of dissimilar high-strength and ultra-high-strength steels (S700MC/S960QC) using overmatched filler wire was evaluated. Three different heat inputs (18 kJ/cm, 8 kJ/cm, and 10 kJ/cm) and overmatched filler wire were applied using the GMAW process. Micro-hardness measurement was conducted using Vickers hardness test, tensile test, and microstructural constituents by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed in this analysis. A dissimilar welded sample with a cooling time of 51s (18 kJ/cm) showed a substantial hardness reduction in the fine grain heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the S700MC steel side, which was between 220-240 HV5. The cause could be the increase of heat input but also the use of overmatched filler wire, which can be the result of an increase of ferrite to austenite formation in the HAZ. SEM/EDS results confirmed the increase of carbide clusters, and tempered Martensite in the CGHAZ of the S960QC side, and ferrite-bainite on the S700MC side. An increase in the presence of high carbide content and the formation of Ni, Mo, and Mn were observed on the S960QC side. The increase of carbide formation in the CGHAZ of both sides reduced the hardness and strength of the welded joints. The tensile test confirms the softening observed in the FGHAZ of the S700MC side, which caused the joint fracture on this side during the test.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Arifin A, and Afriansyah, Dissimilar metal welding using shielded metal arc welding: A review, Technology Reports of Kansai University, Japon, 2020.

      [2] Bayock N, Kah P, Mvola B, and Layus P, Experimental review of thermal analysis of dissimilar welds of high-strength steel, Review on Advanced Materials Science, vol. 58, 2019, 38-49. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2019-0004.

      [3] Laitinen R, Improvement of weld HAZ toughness at low heat input by controlling the distribution of M_A constituents, OULU: ACTA UNIVERSITATIS OULUENSIS, 2006.

      [4] Piotr S, and Maciej P, Study of microstructure, geometry, and properties of laser beam welded joints made of S960QL structural steel and S304 corrosion-resistant steel, Welding Technology Review, vol. 93, 2021, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.26628/wtr.v93i1.1127.

      [5] Bayock N, Kah P, Salminen A, Belinga M, and Yang X, Feasibility study of welding dissimilar advanced and ultra-high-strength steels, Reviews on Advanced Materials Science, vol. 59, 2020, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1515/rams-2020-0006.

      [6] ISO, Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials — Welding procedure test — Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys; ISO 15614-1: 2017, International Standard Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017.

      [7] Guo W, Crowther D, Francis J, Thompson A, Liu Z, and Li L, Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded S960 high strength steel, Materials and Design, vol. 85, 2015, 534-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.037.

      [8] Mikko H, Atef H, Markku K, Matias J, Jani K, and Antti J, Microstructural evolution and tensile strength of laser-welded butt joints of ultra-high-strength steels: low and high alloy steels, Key Engineering Materials, vol. 883, 2021, 250-257. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.883.250.

      [9] Robertson S M, Frostevarg J, Ramasamy A, Kalfsbeek B, and Kaplan H, Microstructures of high-strength steel welding consumables from directed thermal cycles by shaped laser pulses, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 109, 2020, 2653-2662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-020-05749-1.

      [10] Yamamoto H, and Ito K, Effect of microstructural modification using friction stir processing on fatigue strength of butt-joints for high strength steels, Materials Sciences and Applications, vol. 9, 2018, 625-636. https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2018.97045.

      [11] Siltanen J and Tihinen S, Position welding of 960 MPa ultra high strength steel, Journal of Laser Application, 2012. https://doi.org/10.2351/1.5062489.

      [12] Zajac S, Schwinn V, and Tacke H, Characterization and quantification of complex bainitic Microstructures in high and ultra-high-strength line pipe steels, Materials Science Forum, 2005, 387-394. https://doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-981-4.387.

      [13] Majlinger K, Kalacska E, and Spena P R, Gas metal arc welding of dissimilar AHSS sheets, Materials and Design, vol. 109, 2016, 615-621. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.084.

      [14] Bayock N, Kah P, Layus P, and Karkhin V, Numerical and experimental investigation of heat input effect on the mechanical properties and microstructure of dissimilar weld joints of 690-MPa QT and TMCP steel, metals, vol. 9, 2019, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9030355.

      [15] Bhanu V, Fydrych D, and Pandey A, Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of a laser-welded dissimilar joint of P91 Steel and Incoloy 800HT Nickel alloy, materials, vol. 14, 2021, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195876.

      [16] Derakhshan D, Yazdian N, Craft B, Smith S, and Kovacevic R, Numerical simulation and experimental validation of residual stress and welding distortion induced by laser-based welding processes of thin structural steel plates in butt joint configuration, Optics and Laser Technology, vol. 104, 2018 170-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.02.026.

      [17] Gorka J, Microstructure and properties of high-temperature (HAZ) of thermo-mechanically treated S700MC high yield strength steel, Materials and Technology, vol. 50, 2016, 617-621. https://doi.org/10.17222/mit.2015.123.

      [18] Gorka J and Stano S, Microstructure and properties of hybrid laser arc welded joints (Laser beam-MAG) in thermo-mechanical control processed S700MC steel, metals, 2018, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8020132.

      [19] Bayock N, Kah P, Mvola B, and Layus P, Effect of heat input and undermatched filler wire on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dissimilar S700MC/S960QC high-strength steels, metals, vol. 9, 2019, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/met9080883.

      [20] Chen Y, Yang C, Chen H, Zhang H, and Chen S, Microstructure and mechanical properties of HSLA thick plates welded by novel double-sided gas metal arc welding, International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, vol. 78, no. 457, 2015, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6477-0.

      [21] Zhu Y, Liu L, Gou Q, Gao W, Effect of heat input on the interfacial characterization of the butter joint of hot-rolling CP-Ti/Q235 bimetallic sheets by laser+CMT, Scientific reports, vol. 11, 2021, no. 10020. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89343-9.

      [22] Ali M, Porter D, Kömi J, and Eissa M, Effect of cooling rate and composition on microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-high-strength steels, Journal of Iron and Steel Research International, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42243-019-00276-0.

      [23] Guo W, Li L, Dong S, Crowther D, and Thompson A, Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of ultra-narrow gap laser and gas-metal-arc welded 960 high strength steel, Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 91, 2017, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2016.11.011.

      [24] Haslberger P, Holly S, Ernst W, and Schnitzer R, Microstructure and mechanical properties of high-strength steel welding consumables with a minimum yield strength of 1100 MPa, Journal of Materials Science, vol. 53, 2018, 6968-6979. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2042-9.

      [25] Keehan E, Zachrisson J, and Karlsson J, Influence of cooling rate on microstructure and properties of high strength steel weld metal, Science Technology Welded Joints, vol. 15, 2010, 3. https://doi.org/10.1179/136217110X12665048207692.

      [26] Wen C, Wang Z, Deng X, Wang G, and Misra D, Effect of heat input on the microstructure and mechanical properties of low alloy ultra-high-strength structural steel welded joint, Steel Research International, vol. 89, 2018, 1700500. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.201700500.

      [27] Miletic I, Ilic A., Nikolic R, Ulewicz R, Lozica S, and Norbert I, Analysis of Selected properties of welded joints of the HSLA steels, materials, vol. 13, 2020, 1301, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061301.

      [28] Scutelnicu E, Iordachescu M, Catalina R C, Mihailescu D, and Ocana J L, Metallurgical and mechanical characterization of low carbon steel-stainless steel dissimilar joints made by laser autogenous welding, metals, vol. 11, 2021, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11050810.

      [29] Tadashi F, Shin-ya A, and Goro M, Anisotropic Ferrite growth and substructure formation of Bainite transformation in Fe-9Ni-C alloys: In-Situ Measurement, Materials Transaction, vol. 59, 2018, 214-223. https://doi.org/10.2320/matertrans.MC201714.

      [30] Gould J, Khurana S, and Li T, A combination of thermal and microstructural modeling can be used to estimate the performance of welds in advanced high-strength steels, Welding Research, , 2006, 116-s.

      [31] Villalobos J, Del-Pozo A, Campillo B, Mayen J, and Serna S, Micro-alloyed steels through history until 2018: Review of chemical composition, processing and hydrogen service, metals, vol. 8, 2018, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8050351.

      [32] H. He, F. Forouzan, S. M. Robertson and E. Vuorinen, Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-welded DP steels used in the automotive industry, materials, vol. 14, no. 456, 2021, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14020456.

      [33] J. Xue, W. G. Peng Peng, M. Xia, Z. W. Caiwang Tan, and H. Z. a. Y. Li, HAZ characterization and mechanical properties of QP980-DP980 laser welded joints, Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, vol. 34, no. 80, 2021 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s10033-021-00596-x.

      [34] P. Suikkanen, Development, and processing of low carbon bainitic steels, Oulu: University of Oulu, 2009.

      [35] A. Navarro-Lopez, J. Hidalgo, J. Sietsma, and M. Santofimia, Characterization of bainitic/martensitic structures formed in isothermal treatments below the Ms Temperature, Materials Characterization, 2017, 248-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchar.2017.04.007.

      [36] ISO, International standard test methods for tensile testing of metallic materials; ISO 6892-1, International Standard Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2016.

      [37] ISO, International standard test methods for micro indentation Hardness of materials; ISO 6507-1:2018, International Standard organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2018.

  • Downloads

    Additional Files

  • How to Cite

    Njock Bayock, F., Tony Kibong, M., Timba, S., & Nelson Che, N. (2022). Thermo mechanical and microstructural constituents of dissimilar S700MC-S960QC high-strength steel welded joints using overmatched filler wire. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 11(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v11i1.31873