Multiple inoculations of ductile iron and the effects on properties
-
2015-11-05 https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i4.4872
-
Multiple Inoculations, Nodular Iron, Inoculants, Microstructure, Mechanical Properties. -
Abstract
Multiple inoculation of ductile iron and the effects on the structure and mechanical properties have being investigated. Samples of ductile iron were produced with inoculation carried out either once or twice and with different materials as inoculants. Ferrosilicon was used for the primary inoculation and either ferrosilicon or nickel-ferrosilicon for the secondary inoculation. It is observed that the nodules produced are more and finer with multiple inoculations and the effect is more pronounced with nickel-ferrosilicon as the secondary inoculant. Multiple inoculations produce an increase in the hardness of ductile iron when ferrosilicon is used as the secondary inoculant while a decrease in the hardness is observed with nickel-ferrosilicon despite the finer nodules. This is explained by the fact that nickel enhances graphitization in cast iron thereby depleting carbon in the matrix and making the cast iron weaker but with more nodules.
-
References
[1] B.I. Imasogie, A.A. Afonja, J.A. Ali, Properties of as-cast and heat treated nodular graphite cast irons, melts treated with CaSi-CaF2 Alloy, Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 30 (2001) 91-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0692.2001.300206.x
[2] C.K. Syn, D.R. Lesner, O.D. Sherby, Tensile Properties of a Thermomechanically processed Ductile Iron, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions 28A (1997).
[3] El-Din, H. Nasir, A.A. Nofal, K.M. Ibrahim, et al. Ausforming of Austempered Ductile Iron alloyed with Nickel, International Journal of Cast Metals Research, 19(3) (2006) 137-150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404606225023381.
[4] R.A Higgins, Engineering Metallurgy, Viva Books Private Limited, New Delhi, 1998.
[5] D.S. Clark, W.R. Varney, Physical Metallurgy for Engineers, D. Van Nostrand Company, New York, 1962.
[6] M.A. Yescas, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, D.J. Mackay, Estimation of the amount of retained austenite in austempered ductile irons using neural networks, Materials Science and Engineering A, 311 (2001) 162-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)00913-3.
[7] M.A. Yescas, H.K.D.H. Bhadeshia, Model for the maximum fraction of retained austenite in austempered ductile iron, Material Science and Engineering A, 333 (2002) 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(01)01840-8.
[8] V. Delbrugge, Ausform Finishing for Bulk Strength and Ductility, ADI Overview, iMAST Quarterly, Number 1 (1991).
[9] I.C.H. Hughes, Metals Handbook, Ductile Iron, ASM, Metals Park OH, 1998.
[10] A. Jagadeesha, V. Ven, Microstructural development and austempering kinetics of ductile iron during thermo mechanical processing, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions, 31A (2000) 2575-2585.
[11] R.C. Thomson, J.S. James, D.C. Putman, Modelling microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron, Materials Science and Technology, 18 (2000) 1412-1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708300101507370.
[12] K.L. Hayrynen, K.R. Brandenberg, J.R. Keough, Applications of austempered cast irons, AFS Transactions (2002) 1-10.
[13] J. Aranzabal, I. Gutierrez, J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, J.M. et al. Influence of the amount and morphology of retained austenite on the mechanical properties of austempered ductile iron, Metallurgical and Material Transactions, 28A (1997) 1143-1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-997-0280-6.
[14] R. Elliot, Cast Iron Technology, Butterworths & Co Ltd., London, 1988.
[15] B.I. Imasogie, A.A. Afonja, J.A.Ali, Properties of ductile cast iron nodularised with multiple calcium-magnesium based master alloy, Materials Science and Technology, 16 (2000) 194-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708300101507541.
[16] T. Bex, Gray and Ductile Iron foundries, Modern Casting, (1991).
[17] C. Labrecque, M. Gagne, Optimising Mechanical Properties of Thin-Walled Ductile Iron Castings, AFS Transactions, 116 5 (2005)
[18] B. Sakar, B.K. Jha, V. Kumar, V., et al. Development and characterisation of steel containing very fine ferrite grains, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 14(2) (2005) 219-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1361/10599490522392.
-
Downloads
-
How to Cite
Badmos, A., & Fakehinde, K. (2015). Multiple inoculations of ductile iron and the effects on properties. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 4(4), 526-530. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i4.4872Received date: 2015-06-01
Accepted date: 2015-09-11
Published date: 2015-11-05