Selection of window for inter-pulse analysis of simple pulsed radar signal using the short time Fourier transform

  • Authors

    • Ashraf Adamu Ahmad Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
    • Abdullahi Daniyan Federal University of Technology, Minna
    • David Ocholi Gabriel Federal University of Technology, Minna
    2015-11-17
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i4.5139
  • Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Airborne Radar, Electronic Warfare, Signal Analysis, Signal to Noise Ratio.

  • Abstract

    The electronic intelligence (ELINT) system is used by the military to detect, extract information and classify incoming radar signals. This work utilizes short time Fourier transform (STFT) - time frequency distribution (TFD) for inter-pulse analysis of the radar signal in order to estimate basic radar signal time parameters (pulse width and pulse repetition period). Four well-known windows functions of different and unique characteristics were used for the localization of STFT to determine their various effects on the analysis. The window functions are Hamming, Hanning, Bartlett and Blackman window functions. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out to determine the performance of the signal analysis in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Results show that the lower the transition of main lobe width and higher the peak side lobe, the better the performance of the window function irrespective of time parameter being estimated. This is because 100 percent probability of correct estimation is achieved at signal to noise ratio of about -2dB for Bartlett, 4dB for both Hamming and Hanning, and 9dB for Blackman.

  • References

    1. [1] Adamy, D. L.; EW101: A First Course in Electronic Warfare, Artech House Inc., (2001).

      [2] Adamy, D. L.; EW102: A Second Course in Electronic Warfare, Artech House Inc., (2006).

      [3] Wiley, R. G.; ELINT: The Interception and Analysis of Radar Signals, Artech House Inc., (2006).

      [4] Weihong, L., Yongshun, Z., Guo, Z., et al; ‘A method for angle estimation using pulse width of target echo,’ International Conference on Wireless Communications & Signal Processing, 2009. WCSP 2009, 13-15 Nov. (2009), pp.1-5, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WCSP.2009.5371635.

      [5] Chen X., Guan, J., Bao Z., He, Y.; ‘Detection and Extraction of Target With Micromotion in Spiky Sea Clutter Via Short-Time Fractional Fourier Transform’, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 52, No.2,(2014), pp: 1002-1018, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2246574.

      [6] Zhi-ren, C., Hong, G., Wei-min, S., et al; ‘Micro-Doppler separation from Time Frequency Distribution based on direction pattern’, 2014 12th International Conference on Signal Processing (ICSP), (2014), pp 2116- 2119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICOSP.2014.7015368.

      [7] Tao, M ., Zhou, F., Liu, J. et al; ‘Narrow-Band Interference Mitigation for SAR Using Independent Subspace Analysis’, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol 52, No. 9, (2014), pp5289- 5301,. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2287900.

      [8] Ahmad, A.A., Sha'ameri, A. Z.; ‘Analysis and Classification of Airborne Radar Signal Types Using Time-Frequency Analysis,’ 2014 International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE), (2014), pp76-79, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCCE.2014.33.

      [9] Skolnik, M.I.; Radar Handbook, Mc Graw-Hill Book Company, 3rd edn, (2008).

      [10] Skolinik, M. I.; Introduction to Radar Systems, McGraw-Hill Book Company, 2nd Edn., (1980).

      [11] Boashash,B.; Time Frequency Signal Analysis and Processing: A Comprehensive Reference, Elsevier, (2003).

      [12] Chen, V.C., Ling, H.; Time frequency transforms for radar imaging an signal analysis, Artech House Inc., (2002).

      [13] Gabor, D.; ‘Theory of Communication’, Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineering part III, Vol. 93, No.26 ,(1946) , pp 429-457, http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ji-3-2.1946.0076.

      [14] Antoniou, A.; Digital Signal Processing; Signal Systems and Filters, Mc-Graw Hill Companies. Inc, 3rd edn, (2006)

      [15] Escamilla-Hemandez, E., Ponomaryov, V.I.; ‘Pulse compression radar processing based on atomic function windows’ The Fifth International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter, and Submillimeter Waves, (2004). MSMW 04.,2, pp. 21-26, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MSMW.2004.1346242.

      [16] Qu, L., Sun, Q., Yang, T., et al; ‘Time-Delay Estimation for Ground Penetrating Radar Using ESPRIT With Improved Spatial Smoothing Technique,’ IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letter, Vol. 11, No. 8, Aug (2014), pp.1315-1319, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2013.2292825.

      [17] Ramakrishnan, M., Ranjan, P.V.; ‘Empirical Analysis of Energy Consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks,’ International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing, 2009, ARTCom '09, 27-28 Oct. (2009), pp.642-646, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ARTCom.2009.104.

      [18] Proakis, J. G., Manolakis, D. G.; Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithm and Applications’, Prentice Hall, (1996)

      [19] Nishiguchi, K., Kobayashi, M.; ‘Improved algorithm for estimating pulse repetition intervals,’ IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. 36, No. 2, (Apr 2000), pp.407-421, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/7.845217.

      [20] Wang, P. and Tang, B.; ‘Detection and estimation of non-cooperative uniform pulse position modulated radar signals at low SNR, 2013 International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS), 15-17 Nov. (2013), pp.214-217, http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ICCCAS.2013.6765321.

      [21] Adam, A. A., Adegboye, B. A. and Ademoh, I. A.; ‘Inter-Pulse Analysis of Airborne Radar Signals using Smoothed Instantaneous Energy’, International Journal of Signal Processing Systems (IJSPS), ETPub, California, USA, in press.

      [22] Lessard, C. S.; Signal Processing of Random Physiological Signals, Morgan & Claypool, (2006).

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Ahmad, A. A., Daniyan, A., & Gabriel, D. O. (2015). Selection of window for inter-pulse analysis of simple pulsed radar signal using the short time Fourier transform. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 4(4), 531-537. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i4.5139

    Received date: 2015-08-02

    Accepted date: 2015-11-05

    Published date: 2015-11-17