A Study on the solar radiation incident upon the overhead water tanks in Saudi Arabia with different configurations

  • Authors

    2018-06-14
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9530
  • Solar Radiation, Heating of Domestic Storage Water Tank, Insulation, Shade.

  • Abstract

    Saudi Arabia is one of the warmer countries in the Middle East region. In the summer months, the ambient temperature reaches 50°C on regular basis. This high temperature has a direct effect on the elevation of water temperatures inside the domestic and commercial over-head tanks. The tanks are predominantly installed on the roof of the buildings without any shade or insulation and are exposed to the direct irradiation from the sun. The tank material is not capable of reducing the effect of solar radiation. Therefore, water gets very hot in the afternoon that it is impossible for the occupants of the residential buildings to take a shower or even wash their hands. This paper studied the effect of solar irradiation on the water temperature in the over-head storage water tanks during the summer months. The temperature rise in the water storage tank was considered for different cases, (i.e.) a free standing tank exposed to direct sun’s irradiation, a tank with shade, a tank with fiber glass insulation, and a tank having insulation along with shade. An analytical model was developed to study the effects of sun’s irradiation and the results were compared with that of experimentation. The results from the water storage tank having insulation exhibited encouraging results.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Sahoo, N., Sahoo, S.K., 2008, “Design of water tankâ€, B.E., Project work, Dept. of Civil Engineering, NIT, Rourkela, India.

      [2] Meier, S., 2010, “Steel Water storage Tanks: Design, Construction, Maintenance, and Repairâ€, ISBN: 9780071549387, American Water Works Association.

      [3] Air Force Manual, 1985, “Water supply, water storageâ€, TM 5-813-4, AFM 88-10, Vol 4, Departments of the Army and the Air Force, Washington DC.

      [4] Dwivedi, V., Counsell, J., 2009, “Thermal Modeling and Control of Domestic Hot Water Tankâ€, Master’s Thesis, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, United Kingdom.

      [5] Cruickshank, C.A., Harrison, S.J., 2010, “Heat loss characteristics for a typical solar domestic hot water storageâ€, Energy and Buildings, Volume 42, Issue 10, pp 1703-1710. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.04.013.

      [6] Devore,N., Yip, H., and Rhee, J., 2013, "Domestic Hot Water Storage Tank: Design and Analysis for Improving Thermal Stratification, “Journal of Solar Energy Engineering†,Vol. 135 Issue 4. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4025517.

      [7] Niskanen, M., 2003, “The Design, Construction, and Maintenance of a Gravity Fed Water System in the Dominican Republicâ€, Master’s Thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Michigan Technological University.

      [8] Hepbasli, A., Alsuhaibani, Z., 2011, “A key review on present status and future directions of solar energy studies and applications in Saudi Arabiaâ€, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 15, pp 5021-2050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.07.052.

      [9] Al-Masoud A.H., Gandayh, M. H., 2015, “Future of solar energy in Saudi Arabiaâ€, Journal of King Saud University – Engineering Sciences, Volume 27, pp 153-157.

      [10] Abdullah S. G., 2010, "Numerical simulation of water temperature in intermittent water supply systems", International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vol 10, no. 2.

      [11] Al-Juruf R. S., Ahmed, F. A., Alam, I. A., and Abdel Rahman, H.H., 1988, "Development of heat insulating materials using date palm leaves", Journal of Building Physics, Vol 11, No. 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/109719638801100304.

      [12] Fouli, H., Alshaikh, A. A., Nurdin, J., Alam, S., and Alnaimat, H., 2014, "Evaluating the use of palm based insulators for reducing peak water temperatures during summer and for saving energy during winter in existing overhead storage water tanks", Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol 39, Issue 6.

      [13] Heisler, G.M., 1986, "Effects of individual trees on the solar radiation climate of small buildings", Urban Ecology, Vol 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4009(86)90008-2.

      [14] Mohammad F.S., Salleh, E., and Musatafa, K.M.S., 2007, "Effect of tea canopies on solar radiation filtration in a tropical microclimatic environment", PLEA2007 Conference, Singapore.

      [15] http://solarelectricityhandbook.com/solar-irradiance.html, acessed on 11.48am, December 3, 2016.

      [16] Incropera, F. P., Dewitt, D. P., Bergman, T. L., and Lavine, A. S. 2006. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, fourth Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.

      [17] Stamps, R.H., 2009, "Use of colored shade netting in horticulture", HortScience, Vol 44, No. 2.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Khurshid, H., & Silaipillayarputhur, K. (2018). A Study on the solar radiation incident upon the overhead water tanks in Saudi Arabia with different configurations. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 991-995. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9530

    Received date: 2018-02-13

    Accepted date: 2018-05-30

    Published date: 2018-06-14