Phenol adsorption from wastewater using cashew nut shells as adsorbent

  • Authors

    • Kartik Kulkarni Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal
    • Varsha Sudheer Manipal Institute of Technology
    • C R Girish Manipal Insitute of Technology
    2018-06-14
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9771
  • Phenol, Optimization, Cashew Nut Shells, Isotherm, Kinetics.

  • Abstract

    The potential of agricultural waste cashew nut shells as an adsorbent for removing phenol from wastewater is presented in this paper. The adsorbent was treated with 3M sulphuric acid in order to improve the properties. The experimental parameters such as adsorbent dosage, concentration and temperature were optimized with response surface methodology (RSM). The isotherm data were tested with different isotherm models and it obeyed Freundlich Isotherm showing the multilayer adsorption. The kinetic data satisfied pseudo-first order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated to be 35.08 mg/g proving the capability of cashew nut shells for removing phenol from wastewater.

     

     

  • References

    1. [1] Moraitopoulos, I., Ioannou, Z., & Simitzis, J. (2009), Adsorption of phenol, 3-nitrophenol and dyes from aqueous solutions onto an activated carbon column under semi-batch and continuous operation, Science Engineering and Technology, 58, 218-222.

      [2] Santos, L., Estevinho, B.N., Ribeiro, E., & Alves, A. (2008) A preliminary feasibility study for pentachlorophenol column sorption by almond shell residues, Chemical Engineering Journal, 136(2), 188-194.

      [3] Milhome, M.A.L., Keukeleire, D.D., Ribeiro, J.P., Nascimento, R.F., Carvalho, T.V., & Queiroz, D.C. (2009) Removal of phenol and conventional pollutants from aqueous effluent by chitosan and chitin, Química Nova, 32(8), 2122-2127. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422009000800025.

      [4] Nagda, G.K., Diwan, A.M., & Ghole, V.S. (2007), Potential of tendu leaf refuse for phenol removal in aqueous systems, Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 5(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.15666/aeer/0502_001009.

      [5] Varghese, S., Vinod, V.P., & Anirudhan, T.S. (2004), Kinetic and equilibrium characterization of phenols adsorption onto a novel activated carbon in water treatment, Indian Journal of Chemical Technology, 11, 825-833.

      [6] Mishra, S.,& Bhattacharya, J. (2007), Batch studies on phenol removal using leaf activated carbon, Malaysian Journal of Chemistry, 9(1), 1–15.

      [7] Rengaraj, S. Arabindoo, B.,& Murugesan, V. (1998), Activated carbon from rubber seed and palm seed coat: preparation and characterization, Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 57, 129–3.

      [8] Polat, H., Molva, M., & Polat, M. (2006), Capacity and mechanism of phenol adsorption on lignite, International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79(4), 264–2730 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2006.03.003.

      [9] Salman, J.M. (2014), Optimization of preparation conditions for activated carbon from palm oil fronds using response surface methodology on removal of pesticides from aqueous solution, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 7(1), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.05.033.

      [10] Ndazi, B.S., Nyahumwa, C.,& Tesha, J. (2008), Chemical and thermal stability of rice husks against alkali treatment, Bioresources, 3(4), 1267-1277.

      [11] Afify, A.M.R., El-Beltagi, H.S., Abdel-Salam, S.M., & Omran, A.A. (2012), Effect of Soaking, Cooking, Germination and Fermentation Processing on Proximate Analysis and Mineral Content of Three White Sorghum Varieties (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench), Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca, 40(2), 92-98. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4027930.

      [12] Senturk, H.B., Ozdes, D., Gundogdu, A., Duran, C., & Soylak, C.M. (2009), Removal of phenol from aqueous solutions by adsorption onto organomodified Tirebolu bentonite: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172(1), 353–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.019.

      [13] Malkoc, E., Nuhoglu, Y., & Abali, Y. (2006), Cr (VI) adsorption by waste acorn of Quercusithaburensis in fixed beds: Prediction of breakthrough curves, Chemical Engineering Journal, 119(1), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2006.01.019.

      [14] Dutta, S., Bhattacharyya, A., Ganguly, A., Gupta, S., & Basu, S. (2011), Application of response surface methodology for preparation of low-cost adsorbent from citrus fruit peel and for removal of methyl.ne blue, Desalination, 275(1-3), 26-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.02.057.

      [15] Zaviska, F., Drogui, P., Blais, J.F., Mercier, G., & Lafrance, P. (2011), Experimental design methodology applied to electrochemical oxidation of the herbicide atrazine using Ti/IrO2 and Ti/SnO2 circular anode electrodes, Journal of hazardous materials, 185(2),1499- 1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.10.075.

      [16] Hank, D., Saidani, N., Namane, A., & Hellal, A. (2010), Batch phenol biodegradation study and application of factorial experimental design, Journal of Engineering Science & Technology Review, 3(1).

      [17] Sin, J.C., Lam, S.M., & Mohamed, A.R. (2011), Optimizing photocatalytic degradation of phenol by TiO2/GAC using response surface methodology, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, 28(1), 84-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11814-010-0318-0

      [18] Hameed, B.H., Tan, I.A.W., & Ahmad, A.L., (2009), Preparation of oil palm empty fruit bunch-based activated carbon for removal of 2, 4, 6-trichlorophenol: Optimization using response surface methodology, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164(2), 1316-1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.09.042.

      [19] Smitha, T., Santhi, T., Prasad, A.L., & Manonmani, S. (2017), Cucumis sativus used as adsorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 10, S244-S251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2012.07.030.

      [20] Nieto, L.M., Alami, S.B.D., Hodaifa, G., Faur, C., Rodríguez, S., Giménez, J.A., & Ochando, J. (2010), Adsorption of iron on crude olive stones, Industrial crops and products, 32(3), 467-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.06.017.

      [21] Omri, A., & Benzina, M. (2012), Removal of manganese (II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption on activated carbon derived a new precursor: Ziziphus spina-christi seeds, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 51(4), 343-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2012.06.003.

      [22] Ahmaruzzaman, M., (2011), Industrial wastes as low-cost potential adsorbents for the treatment of wastewater laden with heavy metals, Advances in colloid and interface science, 166(1-2), 36-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2011.04.005.

      [23] Koswojo, R., Utomo, R.P., Ju, Y.H., Ayucitra, A., Soetaredjo, F.E., Sunarso, J., & Ismadji, J.S. (2010), Acid Green 25 removal from wastewater by organo-bentonite from Pacitan, Applied clay science, 48(1-2), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2009.11.023.

      [24] Kurniawan, A., & Ismadji, S. (2011), Potential utilization of Jatropha curcas L. press-cake residue as new precursor for activated carbon preparation: application in methylene blue removal from aqueous solution, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 42(5), 826-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2011.03.001.

      [25] Salem, N.M., & Awwad, A.M. (2014), Biosorption of Ni (II) from electroplating wastewater by modified (Eriobotrya japonica) loquat bark, Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 18(5), 379-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2011.07.008.

      [26] Demirak, A., Dalman, Ö, Tilkan, E., Yıldız, D., Yavuz, E., & Gökçe, C. (2011), Biosorption of 2, 4 dichlorophenol (2, 4-DCP) onto Posidonia oceanica (L.) seagrass in a batch system: Equilibrium and kinetic modelling, Microchemical Journal, 99(1), 97-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2011.04.002.

      [27] Girish, C.R., Singh, P., & Goyal, A.K., (2017), Removal of Phenol from Wastewater Using tea waste and optimization of conditions using response surface methodology, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 12(13), 3857-3863.

      [28] Zhao, G., Li, Y., Liu, X., & Liu, X. (2010), Preparation of capsules containing 1-nonanol for rapidly removing high concentration phenol from aqueous solution, Journal of hazardous materials, 175(1-3), 715-725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.068.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Kulkarni, K., Sudheer, V., & R Girish, C. (2018). Phenol adsorption from wastewater using cashew nut shells as adsorbent. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(3), 966-969. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.9771

    Received date: 2018-02-28

    Accepted date: 2018-05-31

    Published date: 2018-06-14