Post menopause and Osteoporosis - Unfolding the link

  • Authors

    • Dathar Sahithi "Vishnu Dental College"
    • Sudhakara Reddy "Vishnu Dental College"
    • N. Rajesh "Vishnu Dental College"
    • Sheela Priyadarshini "Vishnu Dental College"
    • Meenakshi Krishnan "Vishnu Dental College"
    • Gurugubelli Upendra "Vishnu Dental College"
    2015-03-18
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i1.4266
  • Osteoporosis, Post-Menopausal Women, Panoramic Mandibular Index, Radiomorphometric Indices, Salivary Calcium.

  • Abstract

    Background: Osteoporosis is one of the most systemic diseases prevalent among the postmenopausal women attributing to the increased risk of occurrence of fractures. Hence, early detection of this disease is of utmost importance which can be determined by concentration of calcium in saliva and radiographically by quantitative radiomorphometric indices like panoramic mandibular Index (PMI).

    Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the salivary calcium levels and PMI in order to identify the risk group of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

    Methods: A case-control study was carried out among 60 female subjects who were equally categorized into two groups. Salivary    calcium levels were calorimetrically assessed by spectrophotometry and PMI index was calculated using Digora software from the Digital Panoramic image obtained for individual patient.

    Results: The results had shown that salivary calcium among the case group was significantly higher than the control group (p value = 0.001) and PMI values among the case group were significantly lower than the control group (p value = 0.001).With the advancing duration of menopause, the salivary calcium levels were increasing and PMI values were found to be decreasing and both were statistically significant.

    Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that both salivary calcium and PMI can certainly be used as screening tools to identify the risk of osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.

  • References

    1. [1] Poornima Govindraju and Poornima Chandra (2014) Radiomorphometric Indices of the Mandible – An Indicator of Osteoporosis Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. Mar, Vol-8(3): 195-198.

      [2] Hastar E, Yilmaz H, Orhan H. Evaluation of Mental Index (2011) Mandibular Cortical Index and Panoramic Mandibular Index on Dental Panoramic Radiographs in the Elderly. European Journal Dentistry. 5:60-67.

      [3] Siva Reddy et al., (2008) Oral Signs and Salivary Parameters as Indicators of Possible Osteoporosis and Osteopenia in Postmenopausal Women - A Study of 45 Subjects Brazilian Journal Oral Sciensec. 7(24):1502-1506.

      [4] M. Rabiei, Masooleh IS, Leyli EK, Nikoukar LR. Salivary calcium concentration as a screening tool for postmenopausal osteoporosis. International Journal of Rheumatic Diseases 2012; 1-5.

      [5] Kavitha MS, Asano A, Taguchi A, Kurita T, Sanada M.(2012) Diagnosis of osteoporosis from dental panoramic radiographs using the support vector machine method in a computer-aided system. BMC Medical Imaging; 12(1):1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2342-12-1.

      [6] Duncea I, Pop A, Georgescu CE. (2013), the relationship between osteoporosis and the panoramic mandibular index. International Journal of the Bioflux Society; 5(1):14-18.

      [7] Wolfgang Sipos (2009) Pathophysiology of osteoporosis. Wien Med Wochenschr 200: 159/9–10: 230–234.

      [8] Singh B, Sheikh S, Pallagatti S, Kaur K, Sohi R. (2013), Oral dryness with salivary parathyroid hormone and salivary calcium. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry; 4 (4):488-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.123051.

      [9] Bodade PR, Mody NR. (2013)Panoramic Radiography for Screening Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in India: A Pilot Study. OHDM; 12 (2):65-72.

      [10] Mudda JA, Bajaj M, Patil VA. (2010) A Radiographic comparison of mandibular bone quality in pre- and post-menopausal women in Indian population. J Indian Soc Periodontol.; 14(2): 121–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.70833.

      [11] Vishwanath SB, Kumar V, Kumar S, Shashikumar P, Shashikumar Y, Patel PV. (2011) periodontal status and bone mineral density. Indian Journal of Dental Research; 22(2):270-276.

      [12] F. Agha Hosseini, Dizgah IM, and Moosavi MS. (2012) Relationship of serum and saliva calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase with dry mouth feeling in menopause, Gerodontology; 29: 1092–1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2012.00619.x.

      [13] R Singh et al. (2012), Correlation of serum oestrogen with salivary calcium in postmenopausal women with and without oral dryness feeling, Gerodontology; 29: 125–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.2011.00580.x.

      [14] F Agha-Hosseini, Dizgah IM, Moghaddam PP, Akrad ZT (2007). Stimulated whole salivary flow rate and composition in menopausal women with oral dryness feeling. Oral Diseases; 1:320–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01288.x.

      [15] Sewon L, Lainea M, Karjalainenb S, Doroguinskaiaa A, Veromaa ML. (2004) Salivary calcium reflects skeletal bone density of heavy smokers. Archives of Oral Biology 49, 355—358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2003.11.004.

      [16] Yashoda Devi BK, Rakesh N, Ravleen N. (2011). Diagnostic efficacy of panoramic mandibular index to identify postmenopausal women with low bone mineral densities. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry; 3(5):456-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.3.e456.

      [17] Gaur B, Choudary A, Wanjari PV, Sunil MK, Basvaraj P. (2013). Evaluation of panoramic radiographs as a screening tool of osteoporosis in Postmenopausal women: A Cross sectional study. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research; 7(9):2051-2055.

      [18] Khojastehpour L, Shahidi SH, Barghan S, Aflaki EL (2009);. Efficacy of Panoramic Mandibular Index in Diagnosing Osteoporosis in Women. Journal of Dentistry6 (1):11-15.

      [19] Ramesh A, Mahajan K, Thomas B, Shenoy N, Bhandary R (2011). Alveolar bone mass in pre- and postmenopausal women with serum calcium as a marker: A comparative study. Indian J Dent Res; 22:878. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-9290.94667.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Sahithi, D., Reddy, S., Rajesh, N., Priyadarshini, S., Krishnan, M., & Upendra, G. (2015). Post menopause and Osteoporosis - Unfolding the link. International Journal of Medicine, 3(1), 26-28. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i1.4266

    Received date: 2015-02-02

    Accepted date: 2015-03-02

    Published date: 2015-03-18