Experiences of registered and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision in medical and surgical wards: Develop an educational programme to support registered nurses

  • Authors

    • Hanna Neshuku
    • Hans Justus Amukugo University of Namibia
    2015-09-04
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i2.5136
  • Experiences, Clinical Supervision, Support, Registered Nurses and Student Nurses.

  • Abstract

    The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of registered nurses and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision of student nurses in medical and surgical wards. The findings will be a basis to develop an educational programme to support registered nurses during clinical supervision in the same context.

    The study was a qualitative, explorative, descriptive and contextual in nature. This paper describes Phase 1, of the study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of registered nurses and student nurses regarding clinical supervision of student nurses. Data was collected through in-depth individual face to face interviews thereafter data were analysed based on the Tesch’s method of qualitative data analysis. The numbers of interviews conducted were 35 in total, made up of 27 interviews with student nurses and 8 interviews with registered nurses. The numbers were determined based on the subject who availed themselves for the study as well as data saturation.

    Study revealed managerial, educational as well as non-conducive environment challenges experiences by registered nurses and student nurses during clinical supervision of student nurses.

    It was concluded that educational programme should be developed in order to support registered to manage those challenges. The development of the programme is outlined in article part 2.

  • References

    1. [1] A dictionary of nursing.(2008). Clinical supervision. Retrieved from: http:www: encyclopaedia. com.doc/1062/clinical supervision html.

      [2] Abid-Haybaghery, M., 6 :93-101Evident Based practice : Iranian nurse perception Wold view Evid, Based Nurse 2009, 6 : 93-101 [PubMed] http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6787.2009.00149.x.

      [3] Addis, G. & Karadag, A. (2003).An evaluation of nurses’ clinical teaching role in Turkey.Nurses Education Today, 23, 27-33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0260-6917(02)00159-4.

      [4] American Association of College of Nursing, (2011). American Association of College of Nursing faculty shortage fact sheet Retrieved 2.6.2014, from http//www.aacnnche/mediarealtioNrsgShortageFS pdf.

      [5] Andrews, G.J., Brodie, D.A., Andrews, J.P., Hilian,E., Thomas, B.G., Wang, J. &Rixon, L., (2006) Professional roles and communications in clinical placement A qualitative study of nursing students perceptions and some models for practice International Journal of Nursing Studies ; 43:7,861-874 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.008.

      [6] Babbie, E. & Mouton, J. (2007).The practice of social research (9thed.). Belmont. Wadsworth.

      [7] Bampton EL 2011 Guideline for clinical Nursing of the pupil nurse and Midwife in Namibia unpublished thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the dedree of master degree of Nursing Science University of Namibia, Windhoek.

      [8] Begat, I. & Serevinsson, E. (2005).Nurses’ satisfaction with their work environment and the outcome of clinical nursing supervision on nurses ‘experience of well-being.Journal of Nursing Management, 13, 221-223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00527.x.

      [9] Bernard, H.R., Ryan, W. G., (2010) Analysing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

      [10] Bezuidenhout, M.C. (2003). Guideline for enhancing clinical supervision.Health SA Gesondheid, 8(4):12-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v8i4.142.

      [11] Boeije, H. (2009). Analysis in qualitative research. California: SAGE.

      [12] Bradley, L. (2006). Combating a Negative Attitude.EzineArticles (October, 02), Retrieved May, 2, 2008 at http://ezinearticles.com/?Combating-a-Negative-Attitude&id=78538. H.R., Ryran, G.W. (2010) Qualitative Data. Systematic Approaches. Sage Publication Inc.

      [13] Brink, H. (2007).Fundamentals of research methodology For Health Care Professionals. Jute and Company (Ltd).

      [14] Brown, L., Herd, K., Humphries, G. & Parton, M. (2004). The role of the lecturer in practice placement: What do students think? Nurse Education Today 5(2), 84-90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2004.03.006.

      [15] Brunero, S., Stein-Parbury, J., (2011). The effectiveness of clinical supervision in nursing : an evidence based Literature review Australian Journal of Advance Nursing 2011; 25:86-94

      [16] Burns I Paterson IM 2004 Clinical practice and placement SUPPORT; Supporting LEARNING IN PRACTICE Nurse Education in practice Accessed May 13 2005 at www.elsevirheath.com/journal/nepr

      [17] Carlson, S., Kotze, W.J. & Van Rooyen, D. (2003). Accompaniment needs of first year nursing students in the clinical learning environment. Curationis26 (2): 30-39.

      [18] Castledine, G., 2002 Students must be treated belter in clinical area British Journal of Nursing 11:18 1222

      [19] Clarke C.L., Gibb C.E., Ramprogus, V. ,Clinical earning environment an evaluation of an innovative role support preregistration nursing placements†Learning in Health and Social care2003 vol.2 no2 pp105-115 http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1473-6861.2003.00044.x.

      [20] Clayton & Gorman, G.E. (2005). Qualitative research for the information professional.A practical handbook.Facet Publishing.

      [21] Consedine, M. (2004).Clinical values and possibilities.Available on line at http:www.tidal model co uk/clinical-supervision.Htm. Retrieved on 9.1.2006.

      [22] Creswell.J.W. (2008). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Qualitative & Quantitative research. Pearson Education: New Jersey.

      [23] Dale, B., Leland, A. & Dale, J.D. (2013).What factors facilitate good learning experiences in clinical studies in nursing Bachelor Student’s Perceptions.Retrieved at http:/www.hindawi.com/journal/isrn/2013/626879.

      [24] Davhana-Maselesele, M. (2000).Problems in integration theory with practice in selected clinical nursing situations. Unpublished master’s dissertation Pretoria University of South Africa.

      [25] Part of an integral model assessment. Educational Assessment12 (2), 112-135.

      [26] De Vos, A.S. (2007). Research at the grass roots. Pretoria: Van Schaik publishers.

      [27] De Vos, A.S., Strydom, H., Fouche, C.B. & Delport, C.S.L. (2007).Research at grassroots for Social sciences and human service professions. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

      [28] Ehlers, V.J., Bezuidenhout M.C., Monareng, L.V. & Jooste, K. (2003). Post basic nursing student perception of the emigration of nurses. SA Gesondheid8 (4), 24-37.

      [29] Frankel, A. (2000). Nurse learning style promoting better integration of theory into practice.Nursing Times105, 24-27.

      [30] Forrest, S., Strange, V., Oakley, A. &The RIPPLE team. (2002) A comparison of student evaluations of a peer-delivered sexuality education programme. Greensides.

      [31] Forrester C 2008 Terminal care: Psychosocial needs of significant others (ss131-169) the social Work Practitioner Reserch Retrieved May 3. 2013 at http/www.uj.ac.za

      [32] Gorman, G.E. & Clayton, J. (2005).Qualitative research for the information professional: A practical handbook: Facet Publishing.

      [33] Hlongwa, E. (2003). .Diplomate’s perceptions of their psychiatric nursing component of the four-year comprehensive programme.Retrieved July 17, 2008 from http://www.etd.unisa.ac.za/.

      [34] Holliday, A. (2003). Doing and Writing: Qualitative Research. SAGE Publications: London, Thousand Oaks.

      [35] Ip, W.P. & Chan, D.C.K. (2005). Hong Kong Nursing Students’ perception of the clinical environment: a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing studies42, 665-672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2004.09.019.

      [36] Jackson, D; Mannix, J.2001 Clinical nurse as a teacher: Insight from students of nursing in their first semester of study. Journal of clinical Nursing 10:2.270-277.

      [37] Kaphagwani, N.C. &Usch, U. (2013).Analysis of nursing students learning experiences in clinical practice: Literature Review. Retrieved May 2 2014 at http://www.krepulisher.com/.../sSEm-.07-3-181-13-393-usch-ute.pdf.

      [38] Kapucu, S. & Bulut, H. (2011). Turkish nursing students’ view of their clinical learning environment: a focus group study. Pak J Med Sci 2011:27(5), 1149-1153. /.

      [39] Kelly, C. (2007). Theory of Experiential Learning.The internet Test Journal, 3(9).

      [40] Kemper, N. (2007). Win-win strategies help relieve preceptor burden: Nursing Management, 38(2) 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-200702000-00004.

      [41] Kirby, D. (2007). Emerging Answers Summary: Research findings on programs to reduce teen pregnancy and sexuality transmitted diseases. Washington, DC: National Campaign to Prevent Teen and unplanned pregnancy. 2007 http://www.thenationalcampaign.org/ea2007/...

      [42] Klerk, K. (2010). Clinical supervision in selected hospitals; Cape Town. Reflection on registered nurses live experiences Magister Curationis University of Western cape South Africa. Retrieved 28.7.2014 at http://etduwc-ac.29/bitstream/handle/11394/.176/klerk-mcur-2010 pdf? Sequence.

      [43] Kobus, M. (2007).First steps in research. Van Schaik Publishers: Pretoria. SA.

      [44] Krykjebo, J.M. &Hage, I. (2005). What we know and what they do: Nursing students experiences of improvement knowledge in clinical practice. Nurse Education Today 25(3), 167-175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2004.11.008.

      [45] Lambert, V. &Glecken, M. (2005). Clinical education facilitators A Literature review issues in clinical nursing. Education in Clinical practice, 14, 644-673.

      [46] Landmark, B.T.H., Hansen, G.S., Bjones, I. &Bohler, A.(2003). Clinical supervision factors defined by nurses as influential upon development of competence and skills in supervision.Journal of Clinical Nursing, 12, 834-841. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00813.x.

      [47] Lockwood-Rayermann, S. (2003).Preceptor Leadership style and the nursing practicum.Journal of Professional Nursing, 19(1), 32-37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/jpnu.2003.7.

      [48] Löfmark A., Thorkildsen, K., Räholm, M. & Natvig, G.K (2012) Nursing student satisfaction from preceptors and teachers during practice. Nurse Education in Practice 2012;12:164-169;PMid.22225731http://dox.doi.org 10.1016/jnepr.2011.11.005.

      [49] Longley, M., Shaw, S. & Dolan, G. (2007).Towards 2015 alternative Scenarios for nursing Health Education in UK in 2015 retrieved 25.4.2012 from http//wwwnmckorg/document/Research520paper/Nursing520Towards52020155summarypdf.

      [50] Mabuda B.T., Portgieter, E. & Albert, U.U. 2008 Student nurse experiences during clinical practice in the Limpopo Province Curationis 31 (1):19-27.

      [51] Magobe, N.B.D., Beukes, S. & Muller, A. (2010). Reason for student poor clinical competence in Primary health care; clinical nursing diagnosis treatment and Care: Health SA Gesondheid15 (1) Art. # 525 6 pages Doi 104102/hasdv15i.525.

      [52] Maxwell, L. (2006). Context and “Contextualization†in Sex relationship. (2nded.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers: Mahwah, New York.

      [53] .McCarty, M. & Higgins, A. (2003).Moving to an all graduate profession preparing preceptors for their role.Nurse Education Today, 9-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0260-6917(02)00187-9.

      [54] McLafferty, I. & Morrison, F. (2004).Attitudes towards hospitalized older adults.Journal of Advanced Nursing40 (4), 446-453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2004.03122.x.

      [55] Mills, J.E., Francis, K.L. & Bonner, A. (Undated).Mentoring Clinical supervision and preceptoring: Clarify conceptual definitions for Australian rural nurses. A review article.Retrieved on 31.7.2006 at http://rrh.diakin.au.

      [56] Mochaki, N.W. (2001). Clinical teaching by registered nurses.Unpublished master’s dissertation. Pretoria: University of South Africa.

      [57] Moeti, M.R., Van Niekerk, S.E. & Van Velden, C.E. (2004).Perception of the clinical competence of newly registered nurses in the North West Provence.Curationis,27(3), 72-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v27i3.1003.

      [58] Musarurgwa, E.S. (2008). The evaluation of effectiveness of Sexuality education programme for adolescent. http:hdl.handle.net/10210/1582.

      [59] Nurses facilitating supernumery nursing student nurses. Education Today, 23, 123-130.

      [60] Ohaya M., 2010. Support for learning in clinical area The experience of Post registration student nurses Volume 2(1) 14:174-5

      [61] Olivier, D.G., Serovich, J.M. & Mason, T.L. (2005). Constraints and opportunities with interview transcription: towards reflection in qualitative research. Social Forces84 (2), 1273-1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sof.2006.0023.

      [62] Papastvrou, E., Lumbrinou, E., Tsangari, H., Saarikoski, M. &Leino-Klipi, H. (2009). Student nurses experiences of learning environment. Nurse Education in Practice.Retrieved at journal homepage.www.elsevier.com/nep.

      [63] Pillay, P. & Matshali, N.G. (2008). Clinical supervision and support for the bridging programme student in the great Durban area South African Nursing Association. Curationis31 (4), 46-56.

      [64] Polit, N.F., Beck, C.T., 2009) the nursing Research generating and Assessing Evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Philadelphia.

      [65] Preceptorship. (2003) Retrieved July 7. 2008 at http://www.nuigalway.ie/nursing/perseptorship.htm

      [66] Qualitative Methodology available. Retrieved February 28.2009 at http:www.gov.mu/portal/sitencb/dcp/report qualitative mtd.doc.

      [67] Rew, L. (2005). Adolescent health.A multidisciplinary approach to theory, research and intervention. University of Texas, Austin, SAGE Publications: Thousand Oak, London, New Delhi.

      [68] Safadi, R.R., Saleh, M., Nasser, O.S., Amre H.M. &Froclicher, E.S. (2011). Nursing students’ perception of nursing - a descriptive study of four cohorts. International Nursing Review58, 420-427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-7657.2011.00897.x.

      [69] Saks, M. & Allsop, J. (2007).Researching Health: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods. SAGE Publications: Los Angeles.

      [70] Sardo, D.S., Santos, M.R., Kock, M.C., Pires, R.M., Machado, P.P. & Morais, E.E.A. (Undated).Condition and factors in nursing. Student Clinical Supervision.Retrieved on 2.6.2008 at www.foormatex.org/mite2005.

      [71] Searle, C., Human, S. &Mogtlane, S.M. (2009).Professional practice: a South Africa perspective. Johannesburg: Heinemann.

      [72] Shank, G.D. (2006).Qualitative Research - A personal skills approach. Pearson Merrill, Prentice hall, Columbia: Ohio.

      [73] Sharif, F. & Masoumi, S. (2005). A Qualitative Study of Nursing Students’ Experience of clinical Practice: The Cochrane Library.

      [74] Shin, K.R. (2000).The meaning of clinical experiences of Korean nursing students.Journal of Nursing Education, 39(6), 259-265.

      [75] Spouse, J. & Redferm, L. (2000).Successful supervision in health care practice; promoting professional development. Malden: Blakwell Science.

      [76] Steven, D. (2007). Boost the act of giving hope or support to someone, the expression of approval and support. Available from: Retrieved 01 November 2009 at http:/www.kidshealth.org/teen/your-body/take.

      [77] Streubert, Speziale, H.J. & Carpenter, D.R., (2007).Qualitative research in Nursing.Advancing the humanistic imperative. Philadelphia: J.B Lippincott.

      [78] Tanner C.A., 2001 Competent based education the new panacea? Journal of Nursing education 40 (9) 387-8

      [79] Taylor, L.S. (2004). Real parent. Retrieved accessed 28 November 2009 at: http://www.lewrockwell.com/taylor/taylor60.html.

      [80] Van Ooijen, E. (2000). Clinical supervision in practical guide. Edinburg: Churchill Livingstone.

      [81] Van Rhyn, W.J.C. &Gontsana, M. (2004).Experiences by student nurses during clinical placement in psychiatric units in a hospital.Curationis. 2004 Nov 27(4):18-27. Retrieved at http:/www.ncbi.nlm.gov/pubmed/15712822. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/curationis.v27i4.1014.

      [82] Waldock, J. (2010). Facilitating student learning in clinical practice many nurses believe they are ill prepared an d poorly supported to supervise students Heavy workload also prevent effective teaching and learning taking place. Retrieved February 2, 2011 at

      [83] Walliman, N. (2005). You’re Research Project - a step-by-step guide for first-time researcher (2nd Ed.). London: SAGE Publisher.

      [84] Welman, E., Kruger, H. & Mitchell, F. (2009).Research Methodology. Oxford University Press: South Africa.

      [85] Whitaker DJ et al. (1999) Teenage partners' communication about sexuality risk and condom use: the importance of parent-teenager discussions. Fam PlannPerspect 1999; 31:117-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2991693.

      [86] Wilkes, Z. (2006). The student- mentor relationship a review of literature Nursing Standard, 20(37), 42-47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2006.05.20.37.42.c4160.

      [87] Williamson, T.L.A.F. (2005). Qualitative data analysis using data displays. Nurse Researcher 13515578, 12(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nr2005.01.12.3.7.c5944.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Neshuku, H., & Amukugo, H. J. (2015). Experiences of registered and student nurses regarding the clinical supervision in medical and surgical wards: Develop an educational programme to support registered nurses. International Journal of Medicine, 3(2), 87-97. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i2.5136

    Received date: 2015-07-31

    Accepted date: 2015-08-23

    Published date: 2015-09-04