Conceptualisation and framework for developing an educational program for caregivers of the elderly

  • Authors

    • Joan.M Kloppers University of Namibia
    • Agnes Van Dyk
    2016-09-21
    https://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v4i2.6395
  • Elderly, Caregiver, Old Age Home, Programme, Evaluation
  • Most frequently, elderly are cared for in institutions by lay people. This can result in poor quality of care and neglect of the elderly. These caregivers lack skills and knowledge in the delivering of care for the elderly. The aim of the study was to do a situational analysis of the experiences of the elderly as well as the caregivers in respect of caring for the elderly in old age homes. The objective of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of the caregivers and the elderly with respect to caring for the elderly and nursing care they receive. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenological design was used to perform this study. Themes were identified, as for example interpersonal relationship and communication (positive as well as negative). A Lack of in-service training for caregivers was revealed, as well as a lack of caring procedures, policies and guidelines. Staff shortages, were also identified. Out of these findings a conceptual framework was developed.

  • References

    1. [1] Aday, L. A., Begley, C. E., Lairson, D. R., & Balkrishnan, R. (2004). Evaluating the health care system: Effectiveness, efficiency and equity (3rd ed.).Chicago, IL: Health Administrative Press. Available online: http://www Medicinenet.com. Retrieved November 27, 2010.

      [2] Accurate and Reliable Dictionary (n.d.). “Punctuality†Retrieved 20/06/11 A Free English – English online dictionary copyright 2004 – 2010.

      [3] Aged Person Act (Act No 81 of 1967) Aged Persons Amendment Act no 14 of 1971.

      [4] Antonuk, B. (2007). The effect of temporal deadlines on the likelihood of engaging in anticipated and unanticipated goals. United States of America: ProQuest information and learning Company

      [5] Barrett, J. (2008). Perseverance of the saints- Theopedia an encyclopaedia www.theopedia.com/Talk: Perseverance-of-the-saints.

      [6] Black, M.J. & Hawks, H.J. (2005). Medical and surgical nursing: clinical management for positive outcomes. St Louis, Missouri.

      [7] Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2005). The practice of nursing research: Conduct, critique &utilization. (3rd ed.).London: W.B. Saunders.

      [8] Carter, I. (2010). Caregivers window seat; Define a caregiver http://caregivers

      [9] windowseat.blogspot.com2010definition.

      [10] Chan, (2010). Customers Participation in value creation a double edged sword faculty. Fuqua.duke.edu/.../Chan%20yim,%20 and%20/am%202010

      [11] Clarke, M. J. (2003). Community health nursing handbook. Norwalk, CT: Appleton & Lange.

      [12] Coffey, L. (1999-2011). Nursing competencies definition: eHow contributor.ehttp://www.ehow-com/facts-6949792-nursing-competence

      [13] Dictionary.com Unabridged. (n.d.). “Effective†Retrieved June 20, 2011, from

      [14] Dictionary.com website: http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/effective

      [15] Dickoff, J., James, P., & Wiedenbach, E. (1968). Theory in a practice discipline part 1: Practice orientated theory. American Journal of Nursing Company, 17(5), 438–488.

      [16] Dzija, J., Hernandz, S., Nardi, S., Theriault, P. & Wynne C. (2005). How to conduct effective focus groups and surveys: A project of adult education Strategic Plan:

      [17] Elderly Communication. (2010) http://www.caring.com/article/

      [18] Encarta dictionary: accessed (08/09/2009). Caring North America

      [19] Fawcett, J. (1991). Approaches to knowledge development in nursing. Canadian Journal of Rogerian Nursing Research.7, 5-13

      [20] Fawcett, J. (1999). The relationship of theory and research. Norwalk, CT: Appleton-Century-Crofts

      [21] Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2006). Encyclopedia of nursing research. (2nd ed.) New York: Springer Publish Company

      [22] Goliath service, (2004). Nursing home administration Level of job satisfaction/

      [23] goliath.ecnext.com/.../gi.../Nursing home administration level-of htm

      [24] Gorman, M. (2006). Development and the rights of older people. In J. Randel et al. (Eds), The ageing and development report: Poverty, independence and the world's older people. London: Earthscan.

      [25] (Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia 5 March 1998, Act no. 1804 of 1998). Private health facility Act of 1999.2

      [26] Government Notice No 156 of 1997. No. 1617. (1997). Government Gazette of the Republic of Namibia: Regulations relating to the health and safety of employees at work. Labour Act, 1992 (Act No. 6 of 1992).

      [27] Harvey, L. (2004–2009). Analytic Quality Glossry, Quality Research International, http://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/glaossary/

      [28] Hawker, S. (2006). Little Oxford English dictionary (9th ed.).Oxford: Oxford University Press.

      [29] Health and Safety Act (No 15 of 2004 in the Labour Act 1992 of 13 March 1992) cited in the Government Gazette (2004)

      [30] Hegner, B. R., Acello, B., & Caldwell, M. A. (2009). Nursing assistant: A nursing process approaches- Basics. United States of America: Delmar.

      [31] Herzberg’s Motivation Hygiene Theory (Twofactor Theory) Internet Center for Management and business Administration, Inc (2002-2010). Herzberg-Motivation-Hygiene Theory http://www.netmba-com/mgmt/do/motivation/herzberg/

      [32] Hill, R. (2006). Interpersonal Compatibility and Workgroup Performance, 11(2). The journal of applied behavioural science 2 ( 11: 210 – 219: Available online at: http:deepblue.lib.umich.sdu/bitstream/2027

      [33] Hornby, A.S. (2006). Advanced Oxford Dictionary. 7th (Ed.). Oxford University Press Inc New York

      [34] Hutti, M. (2005). National Organisation of nurse practitioner faculties NONPF), 1993-2005; Southern Nursing research society (SNRS) – charter member, 1986-present... Louisville.edu/ nursing/ .../dr-marianne –hutti-dns – whnp -bc

      [35] Klijn, M. (2010). A review of creativity within organizations from psychological..... http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621711011039141.

      [36] Dspace.ou.nl/.../...

      [37] Leadership and dealing with conflict (2010) Available online at: http:www.nsba.org/sbot/toolkit/Conflict.html

      [38] Linnan, L., & Steckler, A. (2002). Process evaluation for public health intervention and research: An overview. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass

      [39] Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and personality. New York, NY: Harper

      [40] Masunga, S.H. (2007). Research design and data analysis: upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/

      [41] Manila Bulletin (2006). Punctuality week. (Opinion &editorial.htt//www. High

      [42] beam. Com/doc/1G1-144300146, html

      [43] McNamara, C. (2010). All about leadership. Free Management Library Available online at: http://managementhelp.org/1drship/idrship.htm#anchor293932

      [44] Michael, D. (2001). The power of enthusiasm. Business Magazines. Available online at: http://www,highbeam,com/doc/igi-71006115.html

      [45] Miller-Keane Encyclopaedia and Dictionary (2003), Autonomy of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc [Accessed July 2011].

      [46] Milligan, B. O. (2006). Understanding Leadership roles and Leadership styles. [Online] available fromwwwalearningEdge.com [Accessed Oct 2008.

      [47] Mouton, J. (1996). Understanding social research. Pretoria: Van Schaik.

      [48] Muthuveloo, Rajendran, Rose, Raduan, Che. (2005). Article: Typology of organisational commitment. American Journal of applied sciences, June 1 2005 Available online at: http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-145683323.html.

      [49] Norlyk, A. (2010). What makes a phenomenological study: Phenomenological qhr.sagepub.com/content/20/3420? Full pdf

      [50] Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2008). Nursing research: generating and assessing evidence for 8th ed. London: Lippencott

      [51] Rick, L. (2000). Leadership: Critical managers. Prima’s North American papermaker. Available online at: http:www, highbeam.com/doc/1G1-69391629,html.Highbeam research.

      [52] Salloum, I. M. (2007). Excerpt from interview with researcher at the 2007 International Conference on Bipolar Disorder in Pittsburgh: PA. http:www.4researcers.org/articles/1985.

      [53] Seaton, L. (2010). Culture in nursing: A critical analysis.utsescholarship.lib.uts.edu.

      [54] Au/dspace (bitstream/.../02whole.pdf? 4.

      [55] Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2006). Foundations of nursing in the community: Community-oriented practice. St Louis, MO: Mosby.

      [56] Scanlon, M. (2001). Negotiating blurred boundaries: An analysis of caregiving work from perspectives of in home caregivers. http://wwwallacademics.commeta/pmla-apa- research-citation1/0/9/5/3pages104537-3php.

      [57] Tanner, E. (2004). Chronic illness demands for self-management in older adults. Geriatric Nursing, 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2004.08.003.

      [58] Tesch, R. (1995). Qualitative research: Analysis types and software tools.New York Falmer

      [59] Thesaurus Dictionary (nd). (Accessed November 2010). Procedure. From http://www http://www.google.com.na/search?Q

      [60] Vincent, B. (2009). The three different levels of listening. (http://communicatebetter.blogspot.com/Three-different-levels-of-listening.html.

      [61] Watson, J. (2004). Epilogue on home health nursing. In R. Rice (Ed.) Home care nursing: Practice and concepts (4th ed.). St Louis: Elsevier.

      [62] Watson, J. (2005). Caring science as sacred science. Philadelphia, USA: FA Davis.

      [63] Watson, J. (2006). Theory of human caring. (acesso em 2006 Nov 11). Disponivel em:http://www.uchsc.edu/nursing/caring

      [64] Watson, J. (2009). Theory of nursing. Available online at: http://currentnursing.com /nursing_theory/Watson/html.

      [65] Weinstein, E. (2001). What is internal motivation? LASSI instructional modules. Retrieved November 29, 2010, from file://www.hhpublishing.com/-onlinecourses/study-strategies/BSL/Motivation/H5.html

      [66] Williams, A., Kemper, S., & Hummert, M. L. (2004). Enhancing communication with older adults: Overcoming elder speaks. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 30(10). http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-20041001-08.

      [67] Woodgate, R. L. (1999). Conceptual understanding of resilence in the adolescent with Cancer. Part 1. Journal of Pediatric Oncology.

  • Downloads

  • How to Cite

    Kloppers, J., & Van Dyk, A. (2016). Conceptualisation and framework for developing an educational program for caregivers of the elderly. International Journal of Medicine, 4(2), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v4i2.6395